【原創】病歷例句

【原創】病歷例句

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整理有關醫學英文病殞懽鳎�提供大家作參考：

一、主要調查項目：
1.主詂hief complaint：weakness, malaise, chills, feer, sleep, pain, headache,
appetite, weight, stomach and bowels, nausea and omiting, diarrhea, urine,
genitalia, neuropsychiatric disorders, respiration, shortness of breath, bleeding or
discharge, etc.
2.現症歱resent illness：onset(date, mode), duration before present entry, exciting
cause and enironmental influences, prodromal symptoms, general symptoms,
course or progress( location, duration, seerity, continuity, intermission, radiation,
treatment), aggraating and alleiating factors, loss of weight, appetite and
strength, sleep, bowel moement, frequency of urination, menstruation, etc.
3.既往歱ast history：
1)former places of residence, preious stage of health( 健壯的robust，纖弱的
delicate), experience with similar disease, immunity to infectious disease
2)preious illness：麻疹measles, 腮腺炎mumps, 水痘chicken-pox, 百日咳
pertussis, 流行性感冒influenza, 猩紅熱scarlet feer, 白喉diphtheria，傷寒
typhoid feer, 支氣管炎bronchitis, 肺炎pneumonia，腦炎encephalitis,腦膜炎
meningitis，破傷風tetanus,小兒麻痺poliomyelitis,赤痢dysentery，霍亂cholera,
胸膜炎pleurisy,天花small-pox，瘧疾malaria,結核病tuberculosis，黃疸病
jaundice，過敏性反應allergy,etc
3)enereal disease：specific symptoms, signs, and the disease by name, treatment.
4)Accidents( date, any disability, sequelae), operation and hospitalization
(date , procedure, name of hospital , physician, complications, bleeding tendency)
4.家族歠amily history：family tendency, presence of hereditary disorders, cancer,
tuberculosis, mental disorder and nerous affection, rheumatism, diabetes,
hypertension, cerebral ascular accident, hemophilia, syphilis, tumor, epilespsy,
allergy, contact with diseased indiiduals, relationship of patient’s childhood and
adult life, age, health condition, and cause of death of parents, grandparents, self ,
spouse, siblings , or relaties.
5.個人歱ersonal history：
1)Social history：fears, metal status, education, financial condition, number of
dependents, family harmony or fractious , hygienic condition at home
2)Marital history：duration of marriage, 1st or 2nd marriage, age and death of
spouse and children , cause and age at time of death, number of children ,
pregnancies, 流產次數miscarriages, 死產數 stillbirths
3)occupational history：duration of employment, past work, exact nature of work,
exposure to occupational hazards, whether work is satisfactory or not.
4)Habits：alcohol, tobacco, narcotic, coffee, tea, appetite, food habits, regularity of
meals, rapidity of eating , bowel moements, sleep, exercise, interests, etc.
6.系統檢查system reiew：
1)General：nutrition, feer, night sweats, tremor, weight gain or loss, weakness,
allergy.
2)Skin：蕁蔴疹hies, rash, eczema
3)Head：trauma, headache, loss of hair
4)Eyes：ision, pain glasses diplopia.
5)Ears：pain, discharge, deafness, tinnitus.
6)Nose：obstruction, discharge, epistaxis, rhinitis.
7)Mouth：teeth, lips, gums, tongue, disturbance in taste.
8)Throat.：sore throat, tonsillitis, 膿性扁桃腺炎quinsy, dysphagia
9)Neck：adenitis, goiter , rigidity
10)Cardiorespiratory：palpitation, tachycardia, blood pressure, chest pain, dyspnea,
cough , hemoptysis , seasonal cold, expectoration.
11)Gastrointestinal：appetite, nausea, omiting, distress(before or after meals),
melena, colic, jaundice, fullness, hernia, hemorrhoid, constipation, diarrhea,
frequency of bowel moement , heartburn, idiosyncrasies, relation of symptoms to
eating, type and quantity of food
12)Genito-urinary：dysuria, urinary frequency, dribbling , hematuria, pyuria, nocturia
and olume, enuresis, incontinence, sores about external genitalia, symptoms
suggestie of syphilis(mucous patches, falling hair), urethral discharge, exposure
to enereal infection, obstetric history, catamenia(age of onset, date of last
period, cycle and amount, periodicity , dysmenorrheal, menopause) leucorrhea,
associated headache
13)Neuromuscular：神經過敏nerousness, emotional stress, weakness, muscle or
joint pains, conulsion, numbness, neuralgia, anesthesia, muscular atrophies or
dysatrophies, deformities.

二、病毰c時態
1．現症�(present illness)：
1)A.現在式：表示一般的真理、職業、人格、習慣和現在的事實、動作或狀
態。
例1：Sedentary habits often interfere with health
例2：He is mentally deranged and disoriented as to time, place, and person
例3：He gets up at 6 eery morning.
B.現在進行式（Be+ pres. p.）表示現在某動作正在進行中。
例1：Both his parents are still liing and well.
例2：The patients is getting worse and worse.
例3：The patients is progressiely doing well.
C.表「經常的習慣」也用進行式，通常與always, constantly等副詞連用。
例1：He is always taking a nap in class.
例2：He is constantly forgetting peoples’ names.
例3：He is for eer complaining of headaches.
D.通常不用進行式的動詞。
a)不隨意動詞( erbs of inoluntary actions)：
-知覺( perception)：feel, hear, notice, see, smell等。
例1：Wheneer he has a cold, he can neither taste nor smell.
-知識(knowledge)：beliee, (dis)agree, doubt, find, forget, know, mind,
remember, think, understand等。
例1：She does not remember specific scratches which might hae preceded the
present lesions.
-感情( emotion)：desire, despise, disgust, fear, hate, hope, (dis)like, loe,
prefer, want等。
例1：He likes lobster, but it disagrees with him.
b)表示繼續狀態的動詞( erbs of continuous state)：表示存在、所有等動
詞：appear, be, belong, consist, flow, hae, hold, lie, look, possess, resemble,
seem等。
例1：Her fingers and hands are stiff and cyanotic.
例2：He has no discomfort and eats well.
2)A.現在完成式( Hae+ p.p)
a)表示動作的完了(completion of an action)或其結果的現在狀態(present state
of things)：
例1：The patient has passed the crisis. = The patient is out of danger now.
例2：He has caught cold. = He has a cold now.
註：常用的連用副詞為：all this while, (not) yet, already , just, now, by this
time, today, this week( or month, year, etc.), hitherto, till now, up to( till) no
w, recently, lately, of late等。
比較：過去式僅表示過去的動作狀態；現在完成式則以表示現在為主。
例1：He had no appetite for food. (過去式)→表示過去某時有過食慾
不振
例2：Lately he had had no appetite for food. (現在完成式)→表示現在
仍然胃口不佳。
b)表示截至現在為止的經驗( experience)：
例1：He has seldom consulted a doctor in his life.
例2：He has neer been treated by a doctor since he was born.
註：表示經驗時，常用的副詞為：eer, before, once, many times, (ery)
often, seldom, sometimes, in one’s time等副詞。
比較：同一動詞有時表示完了，有時表示經驗，視其所連用的副詞而決
定。
例1：He has just undergone a nephrectomy.→表示動作完了。
例2：He has undergone a nephrectomy once.→表示經驗。
c)表示截至現在為止的動作或狀態的繼續（continuance）
例1：He has been deaf in the left ear since the age of 18 and has experienced
slight dizziness on stooping.
例2：Except fro a slight loss of energy, he has always felt well.
例3：For the past 10 years he has had persistent and high-pitched tinnitus in
his left ear, consisting a buzzing sensation and, occasionally, the sounds
of bells.
註：常用的連用副詞為：since, always, from, for, these, how long？
B.現在完成進行式( Hae been +~ing)
a)表示以前開始的動作繼續到現在的狀態：
例1：He came here 2 weeks ago, and has been lying sick with a cold
since then.
例2：The patient has recently had experience of memory loss and of spells of
dizziness. For the preceding 5 years she has been receiing treatment for
hypertension.
b)表示「習慣」：
例1：The patient has been smoking excessiely.
例2：She has been chewing a wad of bubble gum all day.
註：常用的連用副詞為：since, for, how long？,these, form, always
等。
比較：
例1：He has been learning medicine for 5 years. (繼續)
例2：He has learned medicine for 5 years. (經驗)
2．既往�(past history)：大半用過去式，但發生過去某一定時間以前者，宜
用過去完成式；如果疾病發生的前後關係甚明顯，或以年代順序記載
時，仍可用過去式。
1)A.過去式：用以表示過去的動作、狀態、習慣等且與現在的情形毫無關
聯。
a)發生於過去某時者：
例1：An unknown number of years ago he was said to hae pneumonia.
例2：In addition to the aboe symptoms, he noted some ague abdominal pain
for a couple of months in the past.
例3：At that time she had a slight nonproductie cough and mild exertional
dyspnea.
例4：Before therapy, she was unable to swallow anything but small sips of
water.
b)過去某時以後的狀態：
例1：In the preious month she noticed that the stools were greatly flattened.
Subsequently she became aware of a bearing-down pain the rectum.
例2：Menarche occurred at age 13, thereafter menses were regular, eery 28
days, lasting 3 to 4 days each time.
例3：The patient had tinnitus in his left ear 10 years before being discharged
for the military serice. Seeral year later, he noted loss of hearing on the
left.
例4：In June 1956, a sterilizing operation was performed at a hospital. For the
ensuing 5 months the patient was troubled with intermittent attacks of
ague abdominal pain.
例5：Two years after this episode she had one short attack of ertigo but has
been attack-free for 2 years.
註1：過去式常用的連用副詞：ago, last night, yesterday, the day before
yesterday, the other day, this morning , just now等。
註2：現在完成和過去兩者都可用的連用副詞：just, eer, lately, recently,
once, always, already, this morning, today, eery night, this week, these
few days, for the last few days, since last week, before, yet等。
B.表示過去的習慣時，須用used to , was (were) accustomed to ~或had the
habit to ~等。用would來表示過去的習慣時，大抵與often, sometimes
等副詞連用。
例1：He used to work far into the night.
例2：He would sometimes come home drunk, and beat his wife.
C.過去進行式( Be 動詞的過去式+ pres. p.)：表示在過去某一時間正在進行
的動作：
例1：One sister was suffering from actie tuberculosis.
例2：He was haing mild symptoms of feer and nausea at the time he was
seen.
例3：He was raising large amounts of purulent sputum at that time.
D.過去完成式( Had + p.p.)：表示截至過去某一時間為止的動作的完了、
經驗、繼續等。
a)完了( completion)：
例1：The patient had already expired when he came.
例2：By that time he had immunized against smallpox.
連用副詞：already, by that time, (not) yet, only just等。
b)經驗(experience)：
例1：Till then he had neer seen so-called bone-setter.
例2：He could not repeat what he had said before.
c)繼續(continuance)：
例1：He had long been ill in bed.
例2：He had been ill in bed for a long time.
E.過去完成進行式(Had been + pres. p.)：表示繼續過去某一時間的動作。
例1：Up to that time, he had been drinking mush wine.
例2：Due to her increasing constipation, she had been taking laxaties daily
for one year before admission.
比較：
例1：I was sleeping when he came. (過去進行式)
例2：I had been sleeping for an hour before he came.(過去完成進行式)

三、家族�
1.家族無~病：
例1：There is no family history of anemia or other releant disorders.
例2：The family history did not reeal the occurrence of any congenital anormaly.
2.家族殶o異狀：
例1：Family history was allegedly not remarkable.
例2：His family history was irreleant to the present illness.
例3：Her family history , besides the fact that her brother died form Darier’s disease, was no contributory.
例4：There is nothing important in his direct or collateral hereditary antecedents.
3.健康：be in good health；be healthy
不健康：hae a bad health；be unhealthy
例1：His farther is well with no eidence of illness.
例2：His grandfather 87, is still hale and healthy.
4.家族有~病：
例1：He is the only member of a family of 5 hae Hodgkin’s disease.
例2：Family history showed chronic gastrointestinal symptoms in a maternal cousin.
5.家族有~傾向：
例1：There was a strong family history of hemophilia；6 members of the present generation were affected.
例2：There was a high incidence of gallbladder disease in the family.
6.過敏：
例1：He had no history of penicillin sensibility, howeer, he once noted petechiae
after taking aspirin.
例2：No asthma, hies or any idiosyncrasy to foods.
7.因~而死：
例1：His father’s death was coincidental with the patient’s illness.
例2：His eldest brother died of pneumonia at the age of 28 in the preantiboitic era.
四、個人�
1.吸煙：
例1：History reealed that he started smoking 10 years before, at the age of 23,
and has smoked eer since. At first he smoked only a few cigarettes a day but
gradually increased this to three-fourths of a package per day, his present rate.
例2：He now smokes an aerage of 2 packages of cigarettes daily and has
aeraged this amount for the past 7 years.
2.飲酒：
例1：The patient admitted to excessie use of alcohol for years with a grossly
inadequate dies.
例2：He customarily consumed up to 2 bottles of beer a day on weekends but
denied long period of alcoholic excess or the daily use of alcohol.
3.飲食：
例1：The boy neer ate any fresh fruits or egetables and did not like milk.
例2：She took supplemental multiitamins daily and used a ariety of
mouthwashes.
4.工作：
例1：The patient’s occupation ( for more than fie years) necessitated his
breathing acid fumes.
例2：His complaints persisted, and he was unable to resume his regular work.
5.分娩：
例1：The history relatie to her pregnancy suggested that she was in her 5th
month of gestation ( pregnancy).
例2：She is a 30-year-old primigraida with long-standing sterility (infertility).
6.其他(衛生、習慣等)：
例1：He spent 3 months isiting Taipei in early 1960 and denied trael outside of
Taiwan after that time.
例2：The pt. related that she has always lied in Peitou expect for 8 months during
1958~1959 when she temporarily moed to Tienmoo.
例3：The house was located in a rier alley and , therefore, was in a damp,
foggy area.
例4：The families of both parents were long residents in the same rural area in
Taitung prefecture.
例5：He was born in a small illage of illiterate and primitie parents.
例6：The family had a sick kitten and also kept dogs at the time of the present
illness.
例7：He preferred the supine position partially rotated to the right side.
例8：The patient stated that he was in the habit of spending a great deal of time
at the beach during the summer.
例9：She lacked outside interests and was apathetic.
例10：His interests and actiities centered mainly on his job.
例11：The patient is not in a good term with his boss.
例12：His income was somewhat aboe the aerage for the area in which he
lied, and he was well satisfied with his present occupation.

醫學英文病毞�譯練習~~~我明天再po上解答。

Exercise1
1.家族殶o先天性疾病。
2.據他說，他家裡沒有人患與此相同的病。
3.家族殶o特別記載事項。
4.他有出血傾向。
5.從家族毧磥恚�母方有血友病的遺傳。
6.他出生於健康而無精神疾遺傳的家庭。
7.他父親的死因不明。
8.他在28歲時，死於肺結核。
9.他在發病後5天就死了。
10.他在清晨1點25分去世。

五、既往歅ast History
(1)他一直很健康，到1960年10月，才慢慢地開始有咳嗽和膿痰。
He had enjoyed good health until Oct. 1960, when he gradually deeloped cough
and purulent sputum.
※到某時一直健康
-幾乎未生病 be barely eer sick
ex1：He had been well until No. 1960, at which time he was found to hae
diabetes mellitus.
ex2：He was apparently healthy most of his life, and did not consult a physician
until his present illness.
(2)以前他沒有患過任何病，在幼小時所做的一般免疫，並無不良反應。
He had no illnessnes of any kind before and receied routine immunizations at an
early age without ill effects.
※未曾患過病
ex1：He denied experiencing episode of coughing at any time in his life.
ex2：He denied any history of prior cardioascular symptoms before onset of the
present illness.
(3)他曾患過通常的小兒期疾病和肺炎一次，這些病都順利痊癒。
He had the usual childhood diseases plus one bout of pneumonia from which
he made uneentful recoeries.
※生過病
-患病 suffer from；hae an attack of ；be attacked by
-在童年時代患過麻疹，但無合併症發生 hae measles during childhood
without complications
-一起身就會頭暈 experience light-headed on sitting up
-患嚴重的喘息性支氣管炎 contract seere asthmatic bronchitis
ex1：He had a lunatic tendency 4 years ago.
ex2：He has been a known diabetic since 24 years of age.
※除~病外未患過病
ex1：His early deelopment was normal and he suffered no significant illness
apart from measles at the age of 5.
ex2：Except for childhood disease he has had no more serious diseases until
now.
※免疫
ex1：He was accinated in childhood, and reacted in a routine manner.
ex2：The first D.P.T. immunization was gien at 3 months, and was followed by
high feer, lethargy.
※易患~
-常常感冒 be subject to frequent colds
-容易感冒 be apt to catch cold
-多病 prone to illness
ex1：Although he was subject to joint pains in his childhood, he gae no
definite history of rheumatic feer.
ex2：She was susceptible to car sickness, a tendency which had been less
pronounced in the past year.
(4)他有在22歲患過肺炎的病殹�
He has a history of pneumonia diagnosed at the age of 22.
※診斷\
-診斷 diagnose (the case as) ；establish (make) a diagnosis
-誤診 make a wrong diagnosis；misdiagnosis
ex1：He has a history of being diagnosed as pneumonia 4 years ago.
ex2：He states that a diagnosis of pneumonia was made 4 years ago.
※「診斷」記載例
ex1：Diagnosis：senile paranoid
ex2：Diarrhea and omiting of undertermined etiology.
ex3：Malignant gastric ulcer, as much as could be obsered.
※診斷書\
ex1：This certifies that the aboe named patient suffered from the disease
stated aboe.
ex2：This is to certify that the said patient is seriously sick with lier atrophy.
It is recommended that he should be confined to hospital for good care
and treatment for a period of one month.
(5)他於1952年10月16日，因肺結核接受部分胸廓成形術，而住了院。
He was admitted on Oct. 16, 1952 to undergo a partial thoracoplasty for pulmonary
tuberculosis.
※年月日
-在8月3日黃昏 on the eening of Aug. 3
-去年11月 in No. last；last No.
-在前幾個月當中 during the past couple of months
-在上月初(月中、月底) at the beginning (middle, end) of last month
-每隔一天 eery other day；on alternate days；eery two days
-每隔二天 at interals of 2 days；eery 3rd day
-連續5天 for 5 consecutie days
-幾乎一個月 for nearly a month
-足足的一個月 for a full month
-期間不詳 for an unknown length of time
-期間不明確 for an indefinite period
-次2夜 the 2 succeeding nights
-前一夜 the preceding (preious) night
※住院
-住院 enter (be admitted to ) hospital；entering (admission to ) hospital；go
(be taken ) to hospital
-住院時 at the time of one's admission to the hospital
-10年前因治療肺炎而住院 be hospitalized 10 years ago for treatment of
pneumonia
※出院
-出院 leae hospital；be out of hospital； be discharged (dismissed) from
hospital
（6）在1960年他患了胃病，在醫院治療16天後痊癒。
In 1960 he experienced stomach trouble from which he recoered completely
after being treated in a hospital for 16 days.
※治療
-徹底醫治 cure (a disease) completely (radically) ；effect a radical cure
-作許多種治療 try many treatments (for)
-忽視腫瘤，並且不接受治療 ignore the tumor and refuse treatment
-在家裡接受治療 hae domiciliary treatment
-述說過去一再使用盤尼西林治療淋病 gie a history of repeated treatments
with penicillin for gono in the past.
-自醫 try (doctor) oneself；try home treatment
※受~治療
-服用抗高血壓藥劑 receie antihypertensie drugs
-使~服抗結刻劑 put one on antituberculosis drugs before one goes surgery
-替~打一支盤尼西林 gie one a shot of penicillin
-經過順利 hae an uncomplicated course
-開刀後經過順利、滿意、不順、(不)良 postoperatie course was uneentful
,satisfactory, stormy, (un)faorable
-become conalescent
ex1：He did not receie any specific therapy but was treated symptomatically.
ex2：Past history reealed an episode of gonorrhea in 1957 which was successfully
treated by antibiotics.

六、現症歅resent Illness
（1）他在1960年9月生了病；疲勞漸漸加重，週身不適，並且體重減輕。
He became ill in Sept. 1960, with gradually increasing fatigue, general malaise
and loss of weight.
※疾病的發生
-開始頭痛 started haing the headaches
-開始發生紫紺 began haing episodes of cyanosis
-開始感覺疲勞 began feeling tired
-變成稍一用力即會喘息 became breathless on the least exertion
-發覺開始過度疲勞 noted the onset of excessie fatigue
-晚餐時飲酒差不多一定會引起發作 a supper drink almost inariably prookes
an attack
-不能恢復以前的那種活力 fail to regain one's preious itality and igor
-開始覺得比以前更加容易疲倦 began to fell more easily fatigued
ex1:The disease began (occurred ; started) 3 months ago. It progressed , slowly
but steadily until today.
ex2: In the spring of 1958 he first noticed (noted; perceied; recognized) easy
fatiguability.
※初發病型
ex1: He became increasingly subject to fits of temper.
ex2: He suddenly deeloped weakness in the right leg.
（2）她的膀胱過敏症消失，但在1960年秋天復發。
Her symptoms of bladder irritability subsided, but recurred in the autumn of 1960.
※病徵
-有疼痛和已述的症狀 pain plus the symptoms already mentioned
-想把症狀和~關連起來 attempt to correlated symptoms with~
-症狀自然消退 symptoms spontaneously regressed
-症狀消失(並未緩和) symptoms disappeared (did not abate)
-症狀忽緩忽急 symptoms waxed and waned from time to time
-不留意症狀 gie the symptoms no concern
-忽略( 不理) 症狀 disregard (dismiss) symptoms
-對症狀不甚留意 do not pay much attention to the symptoms
-對孩子們顯得不關心、冷淡 one appeared uninterested and uninformed about
one's children
-嘔吐是~發病的前驅症狀 omiting heralded the onset of one's symptoms
-~的病有傷寒的樣子 one's illness assumed the character of typhus
-再發（hae a) relapse；recur; recurrence
-疾病無再發徵象 no eidence of recurrent disease
-同一症候再發 the return of the same symptoms
ex1: He had (presented; deeloped; showed; manifested) mild symptoms of
diphtheria.
ex2: There hae been concurrent heartburn and eructation.
※無~症狀
ex1: The carious tooth has persisted for years without clinical symptoms.
ex2: He continued remarkably free of symptoms except for aural discharge
until No. 1961.
（3）他記得一年前，在同一季節裡，有過一次同樣的發作。
He remembered a similar attack a year before in the same season.
※發作
-一時性眩暈 transitory attacks of dizziness
-發作不規則 attacks are ariable
-發作變了型態 the attacks changed pattern
-患急性關節炎 hae acute attacks of arthritis
-發作多半在夜間發生 attacks occurred chiefly at night
-患2次肺炎 had 2 episodes of pneumonia
-發生癲癇樣的發作 deeloped seizures of an epiletic nature
-發作前後覺得舒適 feel well between attacks
-平均繼續了3~4分鐘 lasted on aerage 3 to 4 minutes
-一年來沒有發作 hae been free of attacks for one year
-發作停止(消失，完全消失)了 attacks ceased ( subsided, clear up completely)
ex1: A similar attack appeared in the following morning. It ran the same course as
the first one.
ex2: The most recent episode occurred approximately one month before his first
isit to the clinic.
※發作時間
-B隨A A is followed by B : B follows A
-A與B同時發生 A is associated with B
-和~有關係 hae (make) relation to~
-和~不相關 hae (make) no relation to~
-似乎與姿勢、咳嗽、過度用力無關 appeared unrelated to position, coughing,
or straining.
ex1: The attacks were preceded by 3 or 4 hour prodromes of nausea, abdominal
distention, diarrhea or constipation, followed by 5 to 6 hour period of
cramping abdominal pain and bile-stained omiting, terminated by transient
diarrhea.
ex2: The pain was described as being of a cramping nature and sometimes
appeared to be related to the ingestion of cold water or milk.
（4）每天服用pyrazinamide 4次，每次75mg.後，咳嗽減少，痰亦減半，熱度
也降低。
With pyrazinamide, 75 mg. 4 times daily, there was improement of cough, a 50
per cent decline in sputum, and a reduction of feer.
※症狀的減輕和消失
-轉佳 take a faorable turn ; take a turn for the better ; improe
-顯著減輕 decrease drastically (markedly)
ex1: Such attacks usually subside promptly with rest, in an hour or so , sometimes
in a few minutes.
ex2: The swelling of the legs disappeared within about a week.
（5）疼痛發生於飯後，便秘發生後，疼痛更加厲害，期間也較長。
The pain came on after meals and became more seere and lasted longer with
the onset of constipation.
※症狀的惡化
-惡化 take a bad turn ; take a turn for the worse; be aggraated (exacerbated)
-顯著地惡化 became noticeably worse
-漸趨顯著 became increasingly apparent
-黃疸總是惡化 hae frequent exacerbations of jaundice
-病入膏肓 one's case is incorrigible
-病狀時癒時犯 one's illness hangs in the balance
ex1: During the last 6 weeks he has obsered progressie shortness of breath
on exertion.
ex2: The pain was aggraated by exercise and alleiated somewhat by lying down.
（6）他的一般情形，一直沒有變化。
His general condition continued without change.
※症狀無變化
ex1: He remained about the same a yesterday.
ex2: His headache has persisted (continued) to date ( the present).

Exercise1
1.家族殶o先天性疾病。
2.據他說，他家裡沒有人患與此相同的病。
3.家族殶o特別記載事項。
4.他有出血傾向。
5.從家族毧磥恚�母方有血友病的遺傳。
6.他出生於健康而無精神疾遺傳的家庭。
7.他父親的死因不明。
8.他在28歲時，死於肺結核。
9.他在發病後5天就死了。
10.他在清晨1點25分去世。

1.
a)The family history reealed (disclosed, showed, indicated) no congenital disease.
b)No F.H. of congenital disease was elicited (present).
c)There was no history of congenital disease in the family.
d)The family had no history of congenital disease.
e)There was nothing in the F.H. suggestie of (to suggest) congenital disease.
f)There was no congenital disease in the family history.

2.
a)According to his statement, no other members of his family hae eer had
(contracted) the same disease.
b)From his statement, there was no similar disease in the other member of his
family.
c)He stated (said, related, claimed, alleged, affirmed) that no other members of
his family were similarly affected.

3.
a)The family history was noncontributory (unaailable).
b)F.H. was not remarkable (contributory).
c)F.H. reealed nothing remarkable (particular, significant, worth recording)
d)No particular data were aailable about the family history.
e)There was no releant family history.
f)F.H.:Nothing releant was indicated.

4.
a)He has a bleeding tendency.
b)He has a tendency to bleed.
c)He is inclined to bleed.

5.
a)F.H. reealed that hemophilia is transmitted (inherited) on the maternal side.
b)Judging from the family history, hemophilia ran in the maternal line.
c)In the family history there was a hemophiliac tendency on the maternal side.

6.
a)He was born in a healthy family without any eidence of hereditary psychosis.
b)He was (descended) from a family, healthy and free from hereditary psychosis.
c)He came from a healthy family without the slightest trace of hereditary
psychosis.

7.
a)The cause of his father's death is unknown (uncertain, undetermined).
b)His father died from an unknown cause.
c)His father died without definite cause.

8.
a)He died at the age of twenty-eight of pulmonary tuberculosis.
b)TB caused (brought about) his death at 28.
c)He died of TB in his 28th year.

9.
a)He died 5 days after he became sick.
b)Fie days after the onset of his illness he died.
c)After an illness of 5 days he died.

10.
a)He died at 1:25 a.m.
b)He was found dead in bed at 1:25 a.m.
c)His respirations ceased at 1:25 a.m.

是员创吗？似曾相识

lianghb，你好…

您書應該讀的不少吧，也許我們正在看同本書哦！

個人po的文章，每一個字都是自己打的。

所以可能會看到不少錯字，還請大家多多包涵。
（雖然我已用word大致篩選錯別字了…）

個人目前只是clerk正在練習寫病殻�所以把書上的東西整理出來與大家分享。

也請lianghb不吝指教，提供更多的醫學英文學習資源，感激不盡！

七、陳� Complaint
（1）陳缘膶懛�
ex1：因為以前患過結核病，他有時哉f咳嗽、胸部不舒服和疲勞。
Haing suffered from tuberculosis in the past, he complained occasionally
of coughing, chest discomfort, and prostration.
ex2：她在1961年住院，哉f最近發生中胸部痛、呼吸短促和心悸。
In 1961 she was admitted to the hospital complaining of (with complaint of
；because of ) mid-chest pain of recent onset, breathlessness and
palpitations.

（2）~感
-恐懼(眩暈、噁心、寒顫)感 a sensation of fear (giddiness, nausea, chill)
-異物(壓迫、窒息、燒灼、寒顫)感 foreign body (oppressie, strangling,
burning, chilly) sensation (feeling)
-喉頭的癢感 itching sensation in one's larynx
-糢糊不舒服的感覺 ague ill feeling
-咽喉上的束緊感 a feeling of constriction in one's throat
-在咽喉右邊的微癢感 a tickling feeling in the right side of the throat
-在~後頭部的特殊、難堪的感覺 a peculiar, weighty feeling in the back
of one's head
-在右上腹部深處的糢糊不舒適感 a ague sense of unease deep in the
right upper abdominal quadrant
ex1：她近來感覺，似有東西壓在膀胱上。
She has recently had (experienced) a sensation of something pressing on
the bladder.
ex2：他面部有麻木感。
He has a feeling of numbness of his face.

（3）主裕簯獌嵖赡芤�用病人的話，說出現症的主要症狀，經過期間和找
醫師看病的原因。記述需扼要簡明並避免含糊語句，常用可用
簡寫的方式。
ex1：從昨晚飯後，病人一直感覺寒戰。
Patient has had chills after dinner since last eening.
↓
可簡寫為Chills since last eening.
ex2：主裕何改[脹已4個月。
C.C.：“Swelling of the stomach“ for 4 months.
ex3：2,3個月來，一做工就感覺呼吸困難和眩暈。
For 2 or 3 months, dyspnea and dizziness on work.

（4）病毜纳晔�
-不完全可靠 be not entirely reliable
-不甚明晰 be not clearly defined
-有些糢糊 be somewhat ague
-無法獲得 be unobtainable
-不能申述適當的病� can gie no adequate history
-混亂不很肯定 be uncertain and confused
ex1：關於既往症，他不能提供可靠的報告。
He could not gie reliable information concerning former illness.
ex2：因為他有精神激動，無法獲得可靠的病殹�
Because of his mental agitation, no reliable history could be obtained.

（5）因~病而轉入~科治療
ex1：她因為在皮膚科住院治療未見轉好，而被介紹過來。
She was referred because there had been no relief with dermatologic
treatment, including hospitalization.
ex2：此病人現年27歲，是剛離婚的經產婦，經一所地方醫院診斷 為陰道腫瘤而轉入本院。
The patient was a 27-year-old recently diorced multipara referred from
a district hospital with a diagnosis of a aginal tumor.

（6）全身狀態
-精力缺失 lack of energy
-只哉f全身無力 complain only a slight generalized weakness
-覺得遍身無力 feel week all oer
-不可言狀的眩暈 nondescript dizziness
-胸骨下方的不舒服灼感 substernal burning discomfort
-飯後腹上部窘迫感 postprandial epigastric distress
-心臟部疼痛 precordial pain
-胸內苦悶或重壓感 precordial oppression；pressure on the chest；
tightness in the chest
-全年性的過敏性鼻炎 perennial allergic rhinitis
-季節性的支氣管性喘息 seasonal bronchial asthma
-一直不斷地說胃痛和頭痛 incessant complaints of stomach pains and
headaches
-尤其喝一杯牛奶後，有些不舒服的飽脹感 some uncomfortable full
feeling especially after drinking one glass of milk
-偶而一時喪失意識 hae occasional blackouts
-肩僵硬 stiff shoulder
-覺氣悶，覺氣息不舒 feel stifling (suffocating)
-感覺疲乏 become tired ( fatigued, weary)；hae a tired feeling；feel
languid
-覺全身寒慄 feel a cold shuddering pass all through~
-覺得渾身發冷 fell a chill creep oer~
-頭暈目眩 one's eyes swim in one's head
-(~的)腳麻木 hae a charlie horse (in one's leg)
ex1：他差不多不斷地哉f飯後嘔吐。
He complained almost ceaselessly of postprandial nausea.
ex2：全身虛弱，而腿痛變得很厲害。
There was general debility, and pain in the legs become excruciating.

exercise2

1.從前他一天抽一包煙，現在抽得更多。
2.10年來，他一直喝大量的酒。
3.他曾戒過酒，但無法戒掉。
4.他每在晚餐時，喝一點酒。
5.他滴酒不沾唇。
6.他一向操勞過度，以致患病。
7.他一連工作8小時，也不會感覺疲倦。
8.這嬰兒是經過足月的懷孕後，正常生產的。
9.他因身體欠佳，一直到40歲才結婚。
10.她已結婚5年，仍未生育。
11.他早睡遲起。

exercise2

1.從前他一天抽一包煙，現在抽得更多。
2.10年來，他一直喝大量的酒。
3.他曾戒過酒，但無法戒掉。
4.他每在晚餐時，喝一點酒。
5.他滴酒不沾唇。
6.他一向操勞過度，以致患病。
7.他一連工作8小時，也不會感覺疲倦。
8.這嬰兒是經過足月的懷孕後，正常生產的。
9.他因身體欠佳，一直到40歲才結婚。
10.她已結婚5年，仍未生育。
11.他早睡遲起。

1.
a)He used to smoke a package of cigarettes a day, and now he smokes more than that.
b)In the past he smoked a pack of cigarettes eery day and now it is on the increase.
c)Formerly he smoked daily a pack of cigarettes but now a little more than that.

2.
a)He has a history of excessie alcoholic intake during the past 10 years.
b)He has drunk hard ( to excess; immoderately) for 10 years.
c)He has been a heay( hard; great) drinker since 10 years ago.

3.
a)In spite of eerything( Though he had tried) to stop drinking, he did not succeed.
b)He had abstained from drinking, but he still found it hard to rid himself of the habit.
c)He had gien up drinking once, but without a complete success.

4.
a)He drinks a little at supper time.
b)He always takes small eening drink( cups).
c)He drinks some wine at supper.

5.
a)He does not drink at all.
b)He does not touch glass.
c)He is a teetotaler( total abstainer).

6.
a)He used to oerwork and this caused his illness.
b)As a result of constant oerwork in the past he became ill.
c)His sickness was induced by constant oerwork.

7.
a)He could work 8 hours running without getting tired.
b)He did not get tired working 8 hours straight.
c)He could work 8 hours at a stretch without fatigue.
d)He could work for eight consecutie hours without feeling tired.

8.
a)This infant, haing been at full term, was born without any difficulty.
b)This infant was gien a normal birth after full gestation.
c)This infant was born at full term with normal deliery.

9.
a)He did not get married until forty because of his poor health.
b)Because of physical weakness he remained unmarried until 40.
c)Physical weakness preented him from getting married until 40.

10.
a)She has been married for 5 years, but she still remains sterile.
b)She has been married for 5 years, but has neer been pregnant.
c)She has no child after 5 years of marriage.

11.
a)He goes to bed early but rises late.
b)He has a habit of going to bed early and getting up late.
c)He is used to going to bed early and rising late.

八、發燒 Feer

（1）3天來，口腔溫度從攝氏37度6分，一直升到攝氏40度。
The temperature has risen steadily from 37.6°C to 40°C orally oer the past 3 days.
※發燒
-發燒 become feerish; hae a temperature
-發高燒 hae a high feer
-平常有微熱，有幾次升到38.4度 hae low-grade (slight) feer to 38.4°C on a few occasions
-沒有發燒 be afebrile; hae no feer
ex1:在發燒期間，他的平均體溫是攝氏39度。
He ran a febrile course with an aerage temperature of 39°C.
ex2:他在患病期間尿量減少，並且發燒。
He was obliguric and feerish (febrile) throughout the course.

※體溫升高
-體溫上升 hae an eleation of temperature
-發高燒伴隨惡寒 hae high temp. associated with chill
-體溫升升，有惡寒 hae chills with high temperature
ex1: 體溫升到攝氏39度2，腹部也明顯地膨脹了起來。
The temp. rose( went up ) to 39.2°C and the abdominal distension became marked.
ex2:最近8天的口腔溫度升到37.8°C，但後來一直在37.2°C以下。
The oral temp. was eleated to 37.8°C during the past 8 days, but thereafter remained below 37.2°C.

（2）大約在4月底，他的體溫，自然地降到攝氏37度。
About the end of April, his temperature dropped to 37°C spontaneously.
※體溫降低
-體溫急速下降 one's feer falls (abates; declines) promptly
-體溫開始減低 feer began to remit
-體溫似乎是減退了 feer seemed to abate
-體溫降到正常 feer dropped (was reduced) to normal
-體溫慢慢地下降(上升) with slow lysis ( cirsis) of feer
-體溫一天一天地低下來 feer became lower day by day
ex1:2天前的體溫幾乎恢復正常，今天再升到攝氏38.3度了。
The feer, which went down almost to normal 2 days ago, rose to 38.3°C again today.
ex2:病發後10天就退燒了。
Feer disappeared 10 days after onset of illness.

（3）他的直腸體溫，下午一直停留在攝氏40度。
He continued to hae a temperature with spiking in the afternoon to 40°C by recutum.
※體溫不退
ex1:已發燒10天；但最後3天未高過37度2分。
Feer was present for 10 days; it did not exceed 37.2°C during the last 3 days.
ex2:最初24小時的體溫，在攝氏37.2與38.3度之間。
The temperature during the first 24 hours aried between 37.2°C and 38.3°C.

九、食慾 Appetite, 體重 Weight

（1）他說他胃口一直很好，什麼東西都能吃。
He stated that he had always had a good stomach and could eat anything.
※食慾良好
-過食 eat too much ( to excess ; heaily) ; oereat; be intemperate in eating
-吃得多 (胃口大開地吃) eat profusely ( with a good appetite)
-保持良好食慾 retained an excellent appetite
-食慾增進 one's appetite improed
-食慾有節制 (食慾旺盛，貪食不飽) hae a moderate (good, enormous) appetite
-無食慾障礙 one's appetite is undisturbed
-食不過飽的人 a moderate ( spare; light) eater
-過飽的人 a heay (great; hard) eater
-食量 capacity for eating
ex1:他的食慾良好，但他平常的吃食習慣，由於口裡傷處而中斷。
His appetite was good, but the sore place in his mouth interrupted his usual eating habit.
ex2:他對食物有無法控制的喜好，用膳時喝很多水。
He had an uncontrollable mania for food, drinking water freely with the meals.
※無食慾
-無食慾 hae no (little) appetite ( for food); lose ( hae no) relish for one's food; loss ( lack) of appetite; loss of interest in food
-發覺( 有點) 食慾不振 noted ( minimal) anorexia
-食慾不定( 無食慾障礙) one's appetite is ariable ( undisturbed)
-食慾反覆無常 hae a capricious appetite
-食慾不佳 hae a poor (feeble; weak; delicate) appetite
-胃口變得更加不好 became more anorexic
-失去平常的食慾 lose one's usual appetite
-食慾減退 appetite decreases ( reduces; declines; falls off)
-吃得少 eat poorly (sparingly) ;take little food; poor food intake
-不想吃 be disinclined to eat
-取食不規則 eat irregularly
-停吃 cease eating
-促進食慾 improe (stimulate; sharpen; whet) the appetite
ex1:他無胃口，只吃了一點點東西。
He had no appetite and only picked at the food.
ex2:他的胃口不如以前，甚至以前喜歡吃的也不例外。
Meals and drinks taste no more as before, and he is indifferent een to his faorite food.
※未進食物
ex1:他整天沒有吃什麼，只吃幾口稀飯。
He eats nothing for a whole day, but he takes some mouthfuls of rice gruel.
ex2:他從前天中午起，就沒有吃東西。
He has tasted no food since noon the day before yesterday.

（2）他哉f非常口渴，但一點食慾也沒有。
He complains of his thirst hard to release, while he has absolutely no appetite.
※口渴
-口渴 be (feel) thirsty
-口一直很渴 continue to hae excessie thirst
-喝大量的水 drink water generously
-對碳酸飲料發生不尋常的愛好 deelop an unusual craing for carbonated beerages
-要~少喝茶水 be adised to decrease one's tea drinking

（3）食慾正常，但體重卻在一年之內減輕了4公斤。
In spite of the normal appetite, he lost 4 kg. in weight oer a period of one year.
※體重減輕
-住院時體重 admission weight
-最高(最低)體重 maximal ( minimal) weight
-體重減少，但未知多少 weight loss of undetermined amount
-通常在夏季體重減輕 usually lose weight in the summer months
-體重以驚人的速度減少 lose weight with alarming speed
-體重始終一樣 weight remained stationary (steady)
-體重不變 weight is stable ( unchanged)
-體重維持不變 weight is well-maintained
-體重老是50公斤 one's weight is constant ( maintained) at 50 kg.
-雖然食量增加，體重卻減輕了6公斤 lost 6 kg. in spite of increased intake of food
ex1:他在上2個月內，體重減輕了8公斤。
He deeloped weight loss totalling 8 kg. in the preious 2 months.
ex2:他的胃口變得很大，食物熱量增加2倍，但體重卻減輕了10公斤。
His appetite became raenous and his caloric intake doubled, yet he lost 10 kg.

exercise3

1.他想不起患過什麼病。
2.他自幼健康，不曾患過大病。
3.他沒患過白喉。
4.他否認在軍隊時，得過性病。
5.他說幼年時一直鬧病。
6.他除患高血壓一年外，無其他病浴�
7.他在生後6個月，種過痘。
8.他因身體虛弱，容易生病。
9.在1957年，他因治療胸膜炎，住過院。
10.他在開刀後5天，便出院了。
11.他因闌尾炎開過刀。
12.去年他患了腎臟炎，但經過良好，現已痊癒了。

exercise3

1.他想不起患過什麼病。
2.他自幼健康，不曾患過大病。
3.他沒患過白喉。
4.他否認在軍隊時，得過性病。
5.他說幼年時一直鬧病。
6.他除患高血壓一年外，無其他病浴�
7.他在生後6個月，種過痘。
8.他因身體虛弱，容易生病。
9.在1957年，他因治療胸膜炎，住過院。
10.他在開刀後5天，便出院了。
11.他因闌尾炎開過刀。
12.去年他患了腎臟炎，但經過良好，現已痊癒了。

1.
a)He could not remember (recall) what disease he has eer had.
b)He had no memory of eer haing had any disease.
c)He had no recollection of any preious disease.

2.
a)He has been thoroughly sound since his childhood, and has neer had any serious disease.
b)He has been in good health from his childhood and has had no history of serious disease.
c)He has been healthy without any serous disease since his childhood.

3.
a)He had no past (preious; prior) history of diphtheria.
b)His P.H. showed no (did not show) diphtheria.
c)He did not hae a history of diphtheria.
d)There was no diphtheria in his P.H.

4.
a)He denied that he contracted .D. during his military serice.
b)He denied contracting .D. while he was in the army.

5.
a)He said that he was often ill in his childhood.
b)He said that during( throughout) his childhood he was always troubled by disease.

6.
a)He states that there is no complaint other than hypertension lasting for a year.
b)He is free from any disease except for one year history of hypertension.
c)Apart from hypertension of one year's duration he is in good health.

7.
a)He was accinated (inoculated) against smallpox when he was six months old.
b)He receied( took; underwent) a smallpox accination at six months of age.

8.
a)Because he is frail, he is prone to illness.
b)He is delicate and susceptible to disease.
c)He is liable (predisposed) to get sick, because of physical weakness.

9.
a)He was admitted to the hospital for treatment of pleurisy in 1957.
b)He was hospitalized for pleurisy in 1957.
c)In 1957 he went to the hospital to hae his pleurisy treated.

10.
a)Fie days after an operation, he left the hospital.
b)He was discharged( dismissed) from the hospital on the 5th postoperatie day.
c)He left the hospital 5 days after he underwent an operation.

11.
a)His P.H. reealed an appendectomy.
b)He had (underwent) an appendectomy.
c)He had an operation ( a surgery) for appendicitis.
d)He was operated for appendicitis.
e)He gae a P.H. of appendectomy performed.

12.
a)He suffered from nephritis last year, but its course was uneentful and now he was cured perfectly.
b)He had nephritis last year, and after faorable course he made a full (complete) recoery and regained his health.
c)Last year he deeloped nephritis which ran an uneentful course and he recoered completely with no sequela ( residual).

十、睡眠 Sleep

（1）發作通常發生於飯後1~2小時，但也時常把病人從睡夢中弄醒。
Attacks usually came on one or two hours after meals, but also frequently wakened the patient from sleep.
※睡眠障礙
-非常愛睡 be unusually sleepy
-貪睡 be fond of sleep
-無法控制的嗜睡 uncontrollable somnolence (-cy)
-易醒 be easily wakened
-時常在晚上醒過來 often wake up at night.
-不能熟睡 sleep is not sound
-晚上睡得不很熟 do not sleep well at night
-睡覺不能多過數小時 sleep for no longer than a few hours.
-由於呼吸短促睡不著 hae sleepless night with shortness of breath
-今年冬天由於夜間性氣喘一直失眠 had insomnia this winter due to nocturnal asthma
-患失眠症 hae (deelop) insomnia
-睡眠不足 want( lack) of sleep; insufficient sleep
-不易入睡 hae trouble getting to sleep
-睡眠無多大的障礙 sleep is not greatly disturbed
-失眠病人 insomniac
ex1:他不能靜坐數分鐘以上，即使靜脈注射鎮靜劑，也不能睡覺。
He was unable to sit still for more than a few minutes, and sleep was impossible een with intraenous sedaties.
ex2:因為他有點掛慮他的病，最近一直睡眠不佳。
His sleep has been poor lately due to a slight anxiety about his illness.

（2）他非常容易入睡，特別是晚睡時為然。早上則總是起不來。
He falls into a sleep ery easily, especially when sitting up late. He has always had difficulty in getting up early in the morning.
ex1:他總是感覺疲倦，每天大約需要睡12個小時。
He felt chronically tired, requiring about 12 hours of sleep a day.
ex2:他老是想睡，但從來不曾在8點後才睡。
He is always inclined to go to sleep, and he neer goes to bed later than 8 o'clock.

exercise3

1.他想不起患過什麼病。
2.他自幼健康，不曾患過大病。
3.他沒患過白喉。
4.他否認在軍隊時，得過性病。
5.他說幼年時一直鬧病。
6.他除患高血壓一年外，無其他病浴�
7.他在生後6個月，種過痘。
8.他因身體虛弱，容易生病。
9.在1957年，他因治療胸膜炎，住過院。
10.他在開刀後5天，便出院了。
11.他因闌尾炎開過刀。
12.去年他患了腎臟炎，但經過良好，現已痊癒了。

1.
a)He could not remember (recall) what disease he has eer had.
b)He had no memory of eer haing had any disease.
c)He had no recollection of any preious disease.

2.
a)He has been thoroughly sound since his childhood, and has neer had any serious disease.
b)He has been in good health from his childhood and has had no history of serious diseas.
c)He has been healthy without any serous disease since his childhood.

3.
a)He had no past (preious; prior) history of diphtheria.
b)His P.H. showed no (did not show) diphtheria.
c)He did not hae a history of diphtheria.
d)There was no diphtheria in his P.H.

4.
a)He denied that he contrated .D. during his military serice.
b)He denied contracting .D. while he was in the army.

5.
a)He said that he was often ill in his childhood.
b)He said that during( throughout) his childhood he was always troubled by disease.

6.
a)He states that there is no complaint other than hypertension lasting for a year.
b)He is free from any disease except for one year history of hypertension.
c)Apart from hypertension of one year's duration he is in good health.

7.
a)He was accinated (inoculated) against smallpox when he was six months old.
b)He receied( took; underwent) a smallpox accination at six months of age.

8.
a)Because he is frail, he is prone to illness.
b)He is delicate and susceptible to disease.
c)He is liable (predisposed) to get sick, because of physical weakness.

9.
a)He was admitted to the hospital for treatment of pleurisy in 1957.
b)He was hospitalized for pleurisy in 1957.
c)In 1957 he went to the hospital to hae his pleurisy treated.

10.
a)Fie days after an operation, he left the hospital.
b)He was discharged( dismissed) from the hospital on the 5th postoperatie day.
c)He left the hospital 5 days after he underwent an operation.

11.
a)His P.H. reealed an appendectomy.
b)He had (underwent) an appendectomy.
c)He had an operation ( a surgery) for appendicitis.
d)He was operated for appendicitis.
e)He gae a P.H. of appendectomy performed.

12.
a)He suffered from nephritis last year, but its course was uneentful and now he was cured perfectly.
b)He had nephritis last year, and after faorable course he made a full (complete) recoery and regained his health.
c)Last year he deeloped nephritis which ran an uneentful course and he recoered completely with no sequela ( residual).

十一、神經精神系統 Neuropsychiatric

（1）他數星期來，有好幾次在眩暈前，意識突然發生變化。
He had seeral sudden alterations in consciousness preceded by dizziness for seeral weeks.
※神經症狀
-一般用語 ertigo, dizziness, dizzy spell, syncope, fainting, sleepy, drowsy,
lethargic, insomnia, hiccough, conulsion, seizure, trembling, inoluntary
moement, numbness, weakness, incoordination, clumsiness of motion, tingling,
unsteadiness in walking, difficulty in walking, paresthesia, anesthesia, paralysis,
myalgia, thick speech, aphonia
ex1:他發覺，說話障礙逐漸厲害起來。
He noted a progressie speech impediment.
ex2:他不能用病側腳尖站著。
He was unable to stand on tiptoe on the affected limb.

（2）他的情緒容易突變，且會無緣無故地慍怒和哭泣。
He is liable to sudden changes of mood and would sulk and cry for no apparent reason.
※抑鬱
-一般用語 despondent, gloomy, worried, disgusted, discouraged, scared, fearful,
low, afraid, angry, blue ; cheerful, optimistic, pessimistic, satisfied, stable, fluctuating, hilarious
-喜歡小題大做的 fussy
-好管閒事的 noisy
-吹毛求疵的 fault-finding
-自負的 conceited
-很勢利的 snobbish
-自私的 selfish
-吝嗇的 stingy
-氣量大的 broad-minded
-慷慨的 generous
-好心的 kind-hearted
-心情變幻不定而抑鬱的 be moody and depressed
-患有極痛苦的憂慮 hae an attack of excruciating anxiety
ex1:His mood was appropriate.
ex2:His mood was mainly euphoric and expansie.
※思考能力
-一般用語 think less clearly, decreased speed of thinking, decreased clarity of
thought, flight of ideas, loss of mental igor , mental apathy
-再也不能集中心力 can no longer concentrate
-發覺集中力減退 noted waning powers of concentration
ex1:她發覺在讀習和寫作時，注意力有點不易集中。
She noted only slight difficulty in concentrating while reading and writing.

（3）他迷妄，有生動的幻覺，並且不能說出連貫的病殹�
He was deluded, iidly hallucinated, and unable to gie any coherent history.
※精神異常
-一般用語 hallucination, delusion of persecution(被害妄想), mental confusion,
disorientation, mental aberration, negatiism, loss of memory, amnesia, mutism, etc.
-老是發出按簟⒉贿m當的笑聲 frequently exhibit silly inappropriate laughter
-對其他小孩殘酷無情 behae brutally toward other children
-變為難於駕御 become unmanageable
-發覺個性顯著變化 a definite personality change is noted
-精神失常逐漸厲害起來 hae gradually progressie mental deterioration.
-發覺記性障礙有2個月 noted memory impairment for 2 months.

（4）她顯示出心情、情緒反常的顯著傾向。
She manifested a marked tendency toward destructieness and disturbance of mood
and affect.
※性癖異常
-一般用語 emotional instability, tendency to worry, hot temper, temper outbursts,
irritable, shy, fussy, quarrelsome
-情緒非常窘迫 be in seere increasing emotional lability
-心神不安寧,坐立不安 be restless and fidgety
-動輒生氣 be easily moed to anger
-脾氣暴躁 hae temper tantrums
-深懷自卑感 harborn deep feelings of inferiority
ex1:病人的健康狀態良好，情緒似使正常。
The patient is in good condition and seems to be emotionally undisturbed.
ex2:他老是神經過敏，自從心悸發生後更加厲害。
He was always a 'nerous' person but more so since the onset of palpitation.

exercise 4

1.他不知道病的起因。
2.他的病是慢慢地發作的。
3.他上腹部突然痛起來。
4.他的病，是在住院前3星期開始的。
5.約在7個月前，他第一次發覺，吞東西不如以前順利。
6.3天前他開始咳嗽，一直繼續到現在。
7.從去年8月，他開始有食慾不振，體重減輕和發燒的症狀。
8.他的症狀是喉痛和無力。
9.他的消化系統，完全無症狀。
10.他的老病---風濕症，又發了。
11.3天前，他的病開始好轉。
12.昨天他的病更加惡化。

十二、疼痛 Pain

（1）當上樓梯時，突然痛了起來，並且持續不止。
The pain came on suddenly while walking up the stairs and it was persistent.
※疼痛的發生
-感覺疼痛 feel (hae; suffer from) a pain; pain is felt in ; feel painful
-頭痛 hae a headache; be troubled with a headache; feel a pain in one's head
-患劇烈頭痛 hae a nasty (bad) headache
-時常頭痛 be subject (a martyr) to headaches
-有撞擊似的兩側性頭痛 hae bilateral pounding headaches
-頭痛逐漸地變為頻發( 較不嚴重) headaches gradually become more frequent
(less seere)
ex1:咀嚼時，有偶發的、暫時的、不可言狀的疼痛或敏感。
There is occasional, transient, nondescript pain, or sensibility during mastication.
ex2:該齒對於壓迫作痛，且有鈍麻如咬的疼痛。
The tooth became sore to pressure and there is a dull gnawing pain.
※發生時間
ex1:Epigastric pain comes immediately after meal.
ex2:Colic pain came on and off since yesterday.
ex3:This pain has been relentlessly postprandial, regardless of the character of her
meals.
ex4:The joint pains were present mainly at night, with relief during the day.
ex5:The mild frontal headaches were usually present upon awakening, but not seere enough to require analgesics.
ex6:The pain usually commenced within 30 minutes after meals and lasted 1 to 3
hours.
※發生原因
ex1:He described the pain as dull and aching, occurring approximately once a week,
unrelated to food intake, and radiating to his back.

（2）起初疼痛無變化，但數小時時變成發作性的痛。
The pain initially was steady, but after seeral hours became episodic.
※疼痛的種類
-恒常（痛） constant
-間歇（痛） intermittent
-偶（痛） occasional
-急性（痛） acute
-鈍麻（痛），悶（痛） dull
-搏動性的 throbbing
-抽搐（痛）tic
-抽（痛） twinge
-銳（痛），急（痛） sharp
-刺（射）痛 stabbing ( shooting) pain
-鑽錐（痛） boring
-穿刺（痛） piercing
-竄（痛） darting
-被咬樣的（痛） gnawing
-似裂（痛） tearing (splitting)
-脹（痛） bursting
-刀割樣（痛） knife-like
-痙攣（痛） crampy
-拉（痛） dragging
-箍（痛） girdle-like ( constricting)
-痛得打滾 writhing
-極痛的 excruciating
-切割的（痛） lancinating
-絞性痛 colic (colicky pain)
-劇痛 seere ( pungent; intense)
-感應痛 referred pain
-墜痛 bearing-down pain
-發生遍身的痠痛 deelop diffuse body aching
-有劇烈的骨盤痛 hae exquisite pelic pain
-牙痛頻發 continual bouts of toothache
-一陣陣劇烈的牙痛 the pangs of a toothache
-帶有胸膜炎性狀的右胸痛 right-sided pain of a pleuritic character
-發生陣痛性的疼痛 hae labor-like pains
ex1:這痛是持續不變的，若刺的劇痛。
The pain was steady, sharp and boring in nature ( character).
ex2:該痛和她以前赃^的疼痛一樣。
The pain was identical with what she had complained of.
※疼痛再發
-pain reappears ( relapses); pain breaks out again; a return of the pain
ex1:左乳房下的疼痛時時再發，而不是持續性的。
The pain under the left breast recurred at interals but was not constant.
ex2:疼痛很少在他晚餐後再發，同時喝牛奶或服用抑酸劑，對於疼痛並無影響。
The pain rarely returned after his eening meal and it was not affected when he
ingested milk or antacid.

（3）有時疼痛放射到右下肢後側，一直到腳部。
At times pain radiates down the back of the right lower extremity to the foot.
※疼痛放射
-pain radiates ( traels) to ~; pain radiating from ~ to ~; radiation of the pain to ~
ex1:疼痛放射到腰部周圍，躺下時緩和些，站立時加劇。
The pain radiated around toward the groin, relieed by lying down and aggraated
while standing.
ex2:住院那天，他感到疼痛加劇，並且放射到右肩胛和肩部。
On the day of admission he experienced increasingly seere pain with radiation to the right scapular area and shoulders.

（4）這疼痛局限於正中線，因吃力的勞動而加劇。
The pain was confined to the midline and was aggraated by heay labor.
※疼痛部位
-疼痛存在於 the pain is limited to; the pain is located ( localized; situated) in (or
oer) ; there is localized pain in ~
-遍在痛 generalized ( general; extensie; unlocalized) pain
ex1:起初，疼痛遍及整個腹部，後來它局限於右上象限。
At first the pain was generalized in the ( whole) abdomen; but it subsequently
localized to the R.U.Q.
ex2:起於右下腹部的疼痛，不久便局限於左上腹部。
The pain, which began ( originated) in the R.L.Q., soon became localized in the L.U.Q.
※疼痛減輕
-疼痛減輕 pain is relieed by , reliee ( ease, allay, alleiate, assuage, abate,
soothe) the pain, pains decrease ( grow less, go down , fall off)
-疼痛減輕了 the pain became lighter
-疼痛的嚴重度減少 the seerity of the pain waned
-疼痛未停止 the pain did no ease
ex1:疼痛和腹瀉都減輕，但自從那時起，他就感覺疲倦和衰弱。
The pain and diarrhea abated, but he felt tired and weak since then.
ex2:胸部痛有時因改變體位而減輕，但只是暫時而已。
The chest pain is sometimes relieed by a change of position, but only temporarily.
※疼痛加劇
ex1:雖然沒有肋膜帶性狀，但這痛因深吸氣而顯著加劇。
The pain was markedly accentuated by deep inspiration, although it was not pleuritic
in nature.
ex2:當他在晚上作偏右側睡時，疼痛最厲害。
The pain is most seere at night when he lies on his right side.

十二、疼痛 Pain

（1）當上樓梯時，突然痛了起來，並且持續不止。
The pain came on suddenly while walking up the stairs and it was persistent.
※疼痛的發生
-感覺疼痛 feel (hae; suffer from) a pain; pain is felt in ; feel painful
-頭痛 hae a headache; be troubled with a headache; feel a pain in one's head
-患劇烈頭痛 hae a nasty (bad) headache
-時常頭痛 be subject (a martyr) to headaches
-有撞擊似的兩側性頭痛 hae bilateral pounding headaches
-頭痛逐漸地變為頻發( 較不嚴重) headaches gradually become more frequent (less seere)
ex1:咀嚼時，有偶發的、暫時的、不可言狀的疼痛或敏感。
There is occasional, transient, nondescrpit pain, or sensibility during mastication.
ex2:該齒對於壓迫作痛，且有鈍麻如咬的疼痛。
The tooth became sroe to pressure and there is a dull gnawing pain.
※發生時間
ex1:Epigastric pain comes immediately after meal.
ex2:Colic pain came on and off since yesterday.
ex3:This pain has been relentlessly postprandial, regardless of the character of her meals.
ex4:The joint pains were present mainly at night, with reief during the day.
ex5:The mild frontal headaches were usually present upon awakening, but not seere enough to require analgesics.
ex6:The pain ususally commenced within 30 minutes after meals and lasted 1 to 3 hours.
※發生原因
ex1:He described the pain as dull and aching, occurring approximately once a week, unrelated to food intake, and radiating to his back.

（2）起初疼痛無變化，但數小時時變成發作性的痛。
The pain initially was steady, but after seeral hours became episodic.
※疼痛的種類
-恒常（痛） constant
-間歇（痛） intermittent
-偶（痛） occasional
-急性（痛） acute
-鈍麻（痛），悶（痛） dull
-搏動性的 throbbing
-抽搐（痛）tic
-抽（痛） twinge
-銳（痛），急（痛） sharp
-刺（射）痛 stabbing ( shooting) pain
-鑽錐（痛） boring
-穿刺（痛） piercing
-竄（痛） darting
-被咬樣的（痛） gnawing
-似裂（痛） tearing (splitting)
-脹（痛） bursting
-刀割樣（痛） knife-like
-痙攣（痛） crampy
-拉（痛） dragging
-箍（痛） girdle-like ( constricting)
-痛得打滾 writhing
-極痛的 excruciating
-切割的（痛） lancinating
-絞性痛 colic (colicky pain)
-劇痛 seere ( pungent; intense)
-感應痛 referred pain
-墜痛 bearing-down pain
-發生遍身的痠痛 deelop diffuse body aching
-有劇烈的骨盤痛 hae exquistie pelic pain
-牙痛頻發 continual bouts of toothache
-一陣陣劇烈的牙痛 the pangs of a toothache
-帶有胸膜炎性狀的右胸痛 right-sided pain of a pleuritic character
-發生陣痛性的疼痛 hae labor-like pains
ex1:這痛是持續不變的，若刺的劇痛。
The pain was steady, sharp and boring in nature ( character).
ex2:該痛和她以前赃^的疼痛一樣。
The pain was indentical with what she had complained of.
※疼痛再發
-pain reappers ( relapses); pain breaks out again; a return of the pain
ex1:左乳房下的疼痛時時再發，而不是持續性的。
The pain under the left breast recurred at interals but was not constant.
ex2:疼痛很少在他晚餐後再發，同時喝牛奶或服用抑酸劑，對於疼痛並無影響。
The pain rarely returned after his eening meal and it was not affected when he ingested milk or antacid.

（3）有時疼痛放射到右下肢後側，一直到腳部。
At times pain radiates down the back of the right lower extremity to the foot.
※疼痛放射
-pain radiates ( traels) to ~; pain radiating from ~ to ~; radiation of the pain to ~
ex1:疼痛放射到腰部周圍，躺下時緩和些，站立時加劇。
The pain radiated around toward the groin, relieed by lying down and aggraated while standing.
ex2:住院那天，他感到疼痛加劇，並且放射到右肩胛和肩部。
On the day of admission he experienced increasingly seere pain with radiation to the right scapular area and shoulders.

（4）這疼痛局限於正中線，因吃力的勞動而加劇。
The pain was confined to the midline and was aggraated by heay labor.
※疼痛部位
-疼痛存在於 the pain is limited to; the pain is located ( localized; situated) in (or oer) ; there is localized pain in ~
-遍在痛 generalized ( general; extensie; unlocalized) pain
ex1:起初，疼痛遍及整個腹部，後來它局限於右上象限。
At first the pain was generalized in the ( whole) abdomen; but it subsequently localized to the R.U.Q.
ex2:起於右下腹部的疼痛，不久便局限於左上腹部。
The pain, which began ( originated) in the R.L.Q., soon became localized in the L.U.Q.
※疼痛減輕
-疼痛減輕 pain is relieed by , reliee ( ease, allay, alleiate, assuage, abate, soothe) the pain, pains decrease ( grow less, go down , fall off)
-疼痛減輕了 the pain became lighter
-疼痛的嚴重度減少 the seerity of the pain waned
-疼痛未停止 the pain did no ease
ex1:疼痛和腹瀉都減輕，但自從那時起，他就感覺疲倦和衰弱。
The pain and diarrhea abated, but he felt tired and weak since then.
ex2:胸部痛有時因改變體位而減輕，但只是暫時而已。
The chest pain is sometimes relieed by a change of position, but only temporarily.
※疼痛加劇
ex1:雖然沒有肋膜帶性狀，但這痛因深吸氣而顯著加劇。
The pain was markedly accentuated by deep inspiration, although it was not pleuritic in nature.
ex2:當他在晚上作偏右側睡時，疼痛最厲害。
The pain is most seere at night when he lies on his right side.

-

exercise 4

1.他不知道病的起因。
2.他的病是慢慢地发作的。
3.他上腹部突然痛起来。
4.他的病，是在住院前3星期开始的。
5.约在7个月前，他第一次发觉，吞东西不如以前顺利。
6.3天前他开始咳嗽，一直继续到现在。
7.从去年8月，他开始有食欲不振，体重减轻和发烧的症状。
8.他的症状是喉痛和无力。
9.他的消化系统，完全无症状。
10.他的老病---风湿症，又发了。
11.3天前，他的病开始好转。
12.昨天他的病更加恶化。

1.
a)He does not know why he got sick.
b)He does not know the cause of his disease.
c)He has no inkling of the cause of his disease.

2.
a)The onset of his disease is gradual.
b)His disease is gradual(insidious) in onset.
c)His disease occurred(commenced) gradually.

3.
a)He had (suffered from) a sudden epigastric pain.
b)An acute(abrupt) pain was felt in his upper abdomen.
c)He experienced a sudden attack of epigastralgia.

4.
a)His illness was first noted 3 weeks prior to admission.
b)His illness began(started; occurred) 3 weeks P.T.A.
c)He dated the onset of his illness 3 weeks P.T.A.

5.
a)About seen months ago, he first(initially) noticed (noted; perceied; found) that he
could not swallow as smoothly as before( usual).
b)Approximately seen months ago, he found for the first time that he had difficulty in swallowing.
c)For the first time he was aware(cognizant) of dysphagia about seen months ago.

6.
a)He began to hae cough 3 days ago and it has continued since then.
b)His cough which started 3 days ago has persisted up to the present.
c)Three days ago he deeloped a cough (began or started coughing) and it has lasted until today.

7.
a)His disease began last Aug. with loss of appetite, loss of weight and feer.
b)His illness started in Aug. last year with anorexia, loss of weight and feer.
c)The symptoms of anorexia, weight loss and feer began last Aug.

8.
a)The characteristics of his disease are sore throat and weakness.
b)Sore throat and weakness are the peculiarities of his disease.
c)His disease is characterized by sore throat and weakness.

9.
a)He was entirely free of digestie system.
b)Absolutely no abnormality was found in his digestie system.
c)There was absolutely no symptom referable to his digestie system.
d)In reference to digestie system he was quite asymptomatic.

10.
a)He had a recurrence (a relapse; another attack) of his old rheumatism.
b)His old rheumatism occurred again.
c)Rheumatism, his old complaint ( fault), recurred.

11.
a)His condition began to improe 3 days ago.
b)Three days ago his condition began to make faorable progress.
c)His condition turned (changed) for the better 3 days ago.

12.
a)His condition(disease) became(got) worse yesterday.
b)His condition took a serious turn yesterday.
c)His condition took a turn for the worse yesterday.

十三、呼吸Resp., 咳嗽Cough, 痰Sputum

（1）他诉说被呼吸困难苦恼了好多天。
He complains of difficulty of breathing, which annoyed him for seeral days.
※呼吸
-呼吸困难 breathe hard (with difficulty) ; hae difficulty in breathing ( respiration)
-呼吸困难 dyspnea (夜间性 nocturnal, 发作性paroxysmal)
-安静时（运动性）呼吸困难 dyspnea at rest (on exertion)
-常发生发作性夜间呼吸困难 frequent episodes of paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
-呼吸困难突然厉害起来 hae sudden increase in dyspnea
-患轻微的运动性呼吸困难 hae some mild exertional dyspnea
-患急性呼吸困难 hae an acute attack of dyspnea
-无呼吸困难 hae no respiratory embarrassment
-偶有心悸 hae occasional palpitations
-心悸反覆发生 hae recurrent episodes of palpations
Ex1:第2天早晨，病人呼吸变为非常困难和衰弱。
The next morning the patient became extremely dyspneic and weak.
Ex2:走快或上楼梯时，他总是气促的。
He always becomes short-winded when walking hastily or going up stairs.

（2）这个病人常常咳嗽，并且吐出灰色的臭痰。
The patient coughs ery often and expectorates foul-smelling grayish sputum.
※咳嗽
-种类 short, sharp, small, dry(hasty), moist, constant, painful, irritable, spasmodic, wheezing, distressed, rasping
-咳个不停 hae a fit of coughing; cough oneself into a fit (fits)
-苦咳个不停 hae a hard (racking; conulsie) cough
-患4天乾燥发作性咳嗽 experience a 4-day episode of dry paroxysmal cough.
-2岁时开始有间歇性烦咳 intermittent hacking cough started at 2 years old
-咳嗽减少了 one＇s cough diminished
-发生轻度无痰的乾咳 deelop slight nonproductie cough
-有点（很多）咯血 hae minimal (massie) hemoptysis.
-咯出一点血 cough (expectorate; spit) up (out) a little blood
-开始咯出黑血斑点 began coughing op flecks of dark blood
-呕血 omit blood
Ex1:他偶而咳嗽，但不曾感觉胸部痛、发烧或体重减轻。
He coughed occasionally, but he has neer experienced pain in the thorax, feer, or loss of weight.
Ex2:最近6个月，他的咳嗽一直带有轻微咯血。
For the last 6 months, he has been coughing with slight hemoptysis.

※痰
-种类 thin, thick, fetid, serous, frothy, tenacious, iscous, mucous( mucoid), mucopurulent, transparent, seropurulent, rusty
-中等量（多量、大量）带有灰白色痰的咳嗽 moderate amounts ( a great deal, large quantities) of grayish-white sputum
-痰涌上咽喉，有酸味 phlegm wells up in the throat and tastes sour
-痰堵住嗓子了 phlegm blocked the windpipe
-半杯黄色痰 one half cup of yellowish sputum
-吐脓性，偶而带血的痰 produce purulent, occasionally blood-tinged sputum
-开始有点咳嗽，并且有约3公撮的血痰 began to hae some cough and produced about 3 ml. of bloody sputum.
-一点也咳不出痰 do not raise any phlegm at all
-咳痰停止了 expectoration ceased
Ex1:他开始有少量带血丝的痰。
He began to expectorate small amounts of blood-streaked sputum.
Ex2:他的咳嗽已经不像以前那样厉害，痰里也不再有血斑了。
His cough was not so seere as it had been and sputum was no longer flecked with blood.

十四、胃肠 Stomach & Bowels

（1）当空腹时，他感觉胃里不舒服。
He has a certain disagreeable felling in the stomach when it is empty.
※胃
-胃不调 upset stomach
-消化不良 hae bad (impaired: defectie) digestion; suffer from indigestion (
dyspepsia)
-胃有毛病 hae a disordered stomach ( stomach disorder); something is wrong with one’s stomach.
-因过食而伤胃 injure one＇s stomach by oereating oneself
-觉食物积滞胃中 feel heay on the stomach
-食物不易消化lie (sit) heay on one’s stomach
Ex1:自从那时起，消化便已失常。
Thereafter, the digestion was not really good.

（2）曾有过一时性的恶心和呕吐，但并没有食欲不振或体重减少发生。
Transient nausea and omiting was present, but no anorexia or weight loss occurred.
※恶心
-欲呕 feel nauseated
-有晨吐 hae morning sickness
-夜吐（饭后恶心） nocturnal (postprandial) nausea
-晕船（车） be sea- (car-) sick
-有点恶心 hae (experience) some nausea
-严重的作呕 hae considerable retching
-里急后重时发生恶心和呕吐 hae a spell of N & while straining at stool
-患食欲不振和恶心 be anorexic and nauseated
-偶而恶心和呕吐 deelop occasional nausea and omiting
-老是溢酸，感觉腹胀 burp all the time, feel bloated
-吐出清净透明的胃容物 with omiting of clear gastric contents
-呕吐停了，消失了omiting stopped (ceased), cleared
-止吐 settle the stomach
-打噎 belch (eruct; eructate)
Ex1:这病人恶心，曾呕吐了含有胆汁液体数次。
The patient deeloped nausea and omited bile-stained fluid on seeral occasions.
Ex2:当要呕吐时，他发觉有严重的腹上部痛和剧烈的头痛。
With the adent of omiting, he noted seere epigastric pain as well as seere
headache.

（3）在第2天中午，她开始呕吐，随后呕吐胆汁质物。
At noon on the following day she stared omiting food, which was followed by bile-
stained material.
※呕吐
-在病发时呕吐2次 omit twice at the onset
-极度反胃 regurgitate food iolently
Ex1:一小时后，他吐出不含血液的水质样东西。
One hour later, he omited watery material containing no blood.
Ex2:有时这病人在发作最厉害时，呕吐1、2次。
Sometimes the patient omited once or twice at the height of the attack.
※呕吐物
Ex1:昨天早晨的呕吐物，被形容为含有未消化的食物和绿水，无血。
The omitus of yesterday morning was described as containing indigested food and
greenish water with no eidence of blood.
Ex2:最初的呕吐物是透明的，但据说住院治疗之前的呕吐物，带有褐色。
The omitus was initially clear but just before hospitalization was said to brownish.

（4）他开始有多次、带泡沫和臭味的大便。
He began to hae frequent, frothy, foul-smelling stools.
※大便
-解大便 open (relax; eacuate) the bowel; hae a passage
-有便意 hae a call of nature
-有1次（2次）大便 hae a motion (two motions)
-没有大便 be constipated
-平均每天大便12次 aeraged 12 stools daily
-发觉粪便中有很多血 noticed gross blood in one＇s stools
-开始一天解8次松的多脂粪便 began to pass 8 loose greasy stools per day
-大便增加到一天4~5次 stools increased in number to 4 or 5 daily
-更换尿布时有些粪便 hae some stool in each diaper change
Ex1:大便次数减少了，但他仍然每天继续有2~3次大量的稀大便。
The stools became fewer in number but he still continued to hae 2~3 large loose
stools daily.
Ex2:住院前2个月，她发觉黑色大便，但却把它忽略过去了。
Two months before admission she had noticed black stools but she disregarded them.
※大便检查
-种类 ordinary, dry, hard, loose(soft), large, watery(liquid), formed, formless, frothy, mucous, bloody, rice-water, pea-soup, tarry
-臭味 odorless, extremely foul, sour, putrid, less offensie in odor, offensie but no excessiely foul
-颜色 black, tarry, brownish-black, brown, red, green, yellow, light-brown, grey-
white (clay-colored)
Ex1:大便的粗细和硬度正常，且从未呈黑色。
The stools were of normal caliber and consistency and hae neer been black.
Ex2:大便颜色很淡，并且软如泥。
Stools were ery light in color and of mushy consistence.

（5）他诉说间歇性腹泻与便秘交替发生。
He complained of intermittent diarrhea alternating with constipation.
※便秘
-便秘 suffer from constipation
-惯性便秘 habitual constipation
-时常便秘 be always constipated
-有便秘倾向 hae a tendency to be constipated
-只有灌肠才能缓和严重的便秘 one＇s seere constipation was relieed only by
enemas
Ex1:便秘很难治，他以前常乞灵于泻药。
The constipation was ery obstinate (stubborn) and he resorted to the frequent use of cathartics.
Ex2:她的便秘逐渐严重起来，同时发觉到粪便直径变细。
She became progressiely more constipated and noted a narrowing in the caliber of
the stools.
※腹泻
-晨泻，水泻，粘液性腹泻，慢性腹泻 diarrhea (morning, watery, mucous, dysenteric, chronic)
-腹泻 diarrhea (轻症 mild,拖延的 protracted, 无法控制的 uncontrolled, 难医的
intractable)
-患腹泻 suffer from diarrhea; hae ( an attack of ) diarrhea; hae loose bowels
-短期的腹泻发生了 a brief episode of diarrhea occurred
-开始泻腹(自然消失，于两天后消失) diarrhea commenced ( spontaneously
disappeared, cleared after 2 days)
-偶而泻肚子 hae occasional diarrhea
-腹泻厉害，在3~7次之间 diarrhea aried in seerity from 3 to 7 B.M.
-不得不服药 be obliged to take physics
-腹泻未因吃脱脂牛奶而转佳 receied skim milk without any improement in the
diarrhea
-用泻药 use a purgatie
Ex1:他患腹泻，每天有8~10次带有粘液，脓和鲜红色血的大便。
He deeloped diarrhea with the daily passage of 8~10 stools containing mucous, pus, and bright red blood.
Ex2:以前他患过同样的腹泻，但从来没有这么严重过。
He preiously had similar attacks of diarrhea but they were neer so seere.

exercise 5

1.几个星期来，他感觉稍微工作即疲倦。
2.他容易疲倦，不能工作。
3.他头痛，微感不适。
4.昨天晚上他发高烧。
5.昨天他的体温伴随寒战，升到摄氏40度2分。
6.今天早上，他的体温降到摄氏36.8度。
7.住院前的体温，总是在36.8到40度之间。
8.4天来，他发热总在摄氏38度4分左右。
9.他的热度，老是不退。
10.他头痛发热。

exercise 5

1.几个星期来，他感觉稍微工作即疲倦。
2.他容易疲倦，不能工作。
3.他头痛，微感不适。
4.昨天晚上他发高烧。
5.昨天他的体温伴随寒战，升到摄氏40度2分。
6.今天早上，他的体温降到摄氏36.8度。
7.住院前的体温，总是在36.8到40度之间。
8.4天来，他发热总在摄氏38度4分左右。
9.他的热度，老是不退。
10.他头痛发热。

1.
a)He feels tired (fatigued) after slight exertion for many weeks.
b)Een a trifling work would make him weary during these last weeks.
c)He becomes tired on slight exertion for these weeks.

2.
a)He is easily fatigued. Consequently, he is unable to work.
b)He is extremely fatiguable at all times and therefore can do nothing.
c)He is troubled by easy fatiguability, and as a result of this he cannot perform any work.

3.
a)He feels heay in his head and slight discomfort.
b)He has a headache and is rather indisposed (out of sorts).
c)He is troubled by a headache associated with slight indisposition.

4.
a)He had a high-grade feer last night.
b)He had an attack of high feer last night.
c)He was sick( ill) with high feer last night.

5.
a)The feer, together with shaking chills, rose (went) up to 40.2°C yesterday.
b)There was an eleation of feer to 40.2°C with shaking chills yesterday.
c)Yesterday, the feer increased ( was eleated) to 40.2°C with shaking chills.
d)Yesterday his body temperature accompanied with a chill reached 40.2°C.

6.
a)This morning his feer fell ( dropped; decreased; subsided; abated) to 36.8°C.
b)There was decrease in his feer to 36.8°C this morning.

7.
a)The temperature P.T.A. had been in the range of 38.6° to 40°C.
b)The temperature P.T.A had ranged ( aried; fluctuated; run) from 38.6° to 40°C.
c)P.T.A., he had had a range in temperature from 38.6° to 40°C.

8.
a)He has continued to hae a temp. of 38.4°C for 4 days.
b)He has had a steady temp. of 38.4°C for 4 days.
c)He has been ill with a temp. of 38.4°C for 4 days.

9.
a)His feer has neer fallen.
b)His feer has remained unchanged.
c)His feer has been steady ( constant).
d)He has continued to hae a spiking (persistent) feer.

10.
a)He suffered from headache and feer.
b)He had headache associated (together) with feer.
c)He was troubled by headache and feer.

十五、排尿 Urination,生殖器 Genitalia

（1）他诉说，在两侧鼠蹊部和睾丸有拉痛，且有夜尿，小便时有灼热感，间或放红色的尿。
He complained of a drawing pain in both groins and testicles, nocturia, burning on
urination and the intermittent oiding of red-colored urine.
※尿
-种类 colorless, clear, transparent, translucent( semitransparent), opaque, milky(
opalescent) cloudy( turbid), orange, greenish, dirty blue, green, yellow( amber;
straw), red, bright red, brown yellow, dark-brown, brown-dark, light brown, pale
yellow, faint pale, clay-colored, patty-colored
-排便 micturate; make( pass) water; oid; piss
-一夜有2次小便 hae nocturia twice nightly ( a night)
-这次住院时解出一个结石 pass a stone on this admission
-小便浑浊 one＇s urine is thick( colored)
-解出极浑浊，乳白色的尿 the passage of highly turbid, milky urine
-频尿 frequent urination( micturition)
-无法忍受的频尿 intolerable frequency of urination
-终末性血尿 terminal hematuria
-终末尿带有几滴血 urine terminates with a few drops of blood
-排尿痛 micturition pain
-解尿时左腰疼痛 hae pain in the left loin on micturition
-小便流势良好 oid with a good stream
-尿流细小 small urinary stream
-常解少量的尿 pass small amounts of urine frequently
-小便发生困难 dysuria( inability to oid) deeloped
-小便时非常的痛 piss pins and needles
-变成失禁 become incontinent
-患便尿失禁 deelop urinary and fecal incontinence
-把尿失禁完全治好 obtain complete cure of incontinence
-不能把尿尽行解出 be unable to oid without residual urine
Ex1:小便时有强烈的烧灼感，当他工作时受到很大的困扰。
His oiding was accompanied by seere burning, and he was greatly inconenienced
at work.
Ex2:他尿意频频，但每次仅出2、3滴。
He has a frequent desire to urinate, but only a few drops cone out each time.

（2）性欲减退，但仍能射精。
There was a decrease in libido but ejaculation was still present.
※性欲
-发觉性欲减退 note decreased libido
-发觉性欲渐减 note gradual loss of libido
-性欲有些减退 hae some decrease in libido
-没有性欲 hae no libido
-性冷感 be frigid( unaffectionate) sexually
-性欲正常 libido is normal
-性要求过高(太低) be oersexed( undersexed)
-对于性交无热诚 be unenthusiastic about intercourse
-性感不快已有几个月了 had dyspareunia for a few months
-不起劲的性关系 deitalized sexual relationship
-25至35岁夫妻的正常次数 normal frequency of intercourse for married couples of 25 to 35
-未曾达到高潮 neer achiee( reach) climax
-在结婚头一年时常不容易达到极致 frequently hae difficulty in reaching orgasm
in one＇s marital coitus in the first year of marriage
-未曾尝过情欲高潮的极致 hae not experienced orgasm
-仅有过一次情欲高潮的极致 hae only had an orgasm once
-享受每一动作 greatly enjoy eery act of sexual intercourse
-节欲 be continent
Ex1:仍能射精，但**勃起力却减退了。
Ejaculation was possible but penile erectile strength decreased.
Ex2:后来月经停止了，而她对于「性」冷淡了起来。
Later, menstruation ceased and she became sexually aopathetic.
※生殖器
-**边发痒、有刺激感 itching and irritation around the clitoris
-婚前的纵欲 premarital sexual indulgence
-婚前有过性关系 engaged in premarital sexual relationship
-接交过性病病人 enereally exposed; enereal exposure
-染淋疾，患梅毒 contract gono., get syphilis
-否认与性病有染 deny .D. contact
-不能人道 inability to perform sexual intercourse
-交媾疼痛 painful coitus( coition)
-突然变成阳萎 suddenly became impotent
Ex1:一星期以前，他发觉在右鼠蹊部，发生无压痛的肿胀，时起时消。
He noticed a nontender swelling appearing on and off in his right groin one week ago.
Ex2:这病人诉说**和足底发痒，并且齿龈有不舒服感。
The patient complained of pruritus of the penis and itching in the soles of the feet,
and an annoying sensation in the gingia.

（3）月经于13岁开始，一直到发生月经过多症以前，经期正常。
Menarche occurred at 13 years of age and the menstrual cycle remained within
normal limits until the onset of menorrhagia.
※月经
-月经开始（少量、中等、厚、多） (mild, moderate, frank, heay) menses begin (start; commence; take place)
-经期正常28~30日一次 hae normal period at 28-to 30-day interals
-月经规则，周期为28天，继续4天 hae regular period eery 28 days that lasted 4 days
-月经周期为28天 hae menstrual cycles of 28 days
-月经开始不规则，并且长期无月经 began to hae menstrual irregularities with
long period of amenorrhea
-月经未曾失常 hae no preious menstrual aberrations
-周期变成不定 interal became ariable
-比平常多 heaier than usual
-发觉到月经持续不断并且过多 noted persistent excessie menstrual flow
-月经不来 menses did not occur
-停经已4年 be 4 years postmenopausal
-在46岁时停经 passed( underwent; went through) the menopause at age 46
-多量(块状，厚多)阴道出血加多，有几个月之久 increasingly profuse (massie,
frank) aginal bleeding of seeral months duration.
-月经过多，并且流出血块 experience( deelop) menorrhagia with passage of clots
-有些轻微、无痛性阴道出血 some slight painless aginal bleeding
-发觉经期外和性交后出血 noted intermenstrual and postcoital bleeding
-分泌少量厚汁物质 drained a small amount of purulent material
-间歇性的剧烈下腹痛 intermittent, sharp, lower abdominal pains
Ex1:她于13岁开始有正常的月经，周期为28~32天，有轻度的月经痛。
She began to menstruate regularly at 13 at interals of 28~32 days with slight
dysmenorrheal.
Ex2:月经痛性而不规则，大约一个月发生2次。
The menstrual periods were painful and irregular, occurring approximately twice
monthly.

exercise 6

1.他胃口良好，什么都吃。
2.他的食量正常，一餐吃两碗饭。
3.他的食欲不如以前好。
4.他胃口不好，不想吃东西。
5.他的食欲渐减。
6.他2天来没吃东西。
7.近来他感觉非常口渴，夜里必须起来喝几次水。
8.他因身体过重，开始减食。

exercise 6

1.他胃口良好，什么都吃。
2.他的食量正常，一餐吃两碗饭。
3.他的食欲不如以前好。
4.他胃口不好，不想吃东西。
5.他的食欲渐减。
6.他2天来没吃东西。
7.近来他感觉非常口渴，夜里必须起来喝几次水。
8.他因身体过重，开始减食。

1.
a)He has a good appetite and eats all kinds of food.
b)His appetite is perfect and he likes all arieties of food.
c)He has a strong stomach and accordingly eats anything.

2.
a)He has a normal consumption( capacity) for eating and takes 2 bowls of rice each meal.
b)The food intake is normal and he takes 2 bowls of rice at one meal.

3.
a)His appetite is not as good as it used to be.
b)His appetite proes no better than before.
c)His appetite appears to be poorer than before.

4.
a)He dose not care a bit for food due to loss of appetite.
b)He has a poor appetite and he is not interested in food.
c)He suffers from anorexia and has no desire for food.
d)He has no stomach for food, so he does not feel like eating.

5.
a)His appetite decreased( diminished; was reduced) gradually.
b)A gradual failure of his appetite was noted.
c)His desire for food declined gradually.

6.
a)He has not had( touched) a bite of food for 2 days.
b)He has eaten nothing for the last(past) 2 days.
c)For 2 days nothing has entered his mouth.

7.
a)Recently he has felt ery( extremely) thirsty and he has had to get up in the night seeral times to refresh himself with water.
b)Lately he has parched with extreme( excessie) thirst and een at night he has had to get up seeral times for water in order to alleiate his thirst.
c)Of late he has had colossal thirst, and he has been getting seeral times at night to quench his thirst by drinking water.

8.
a)Due to obesity he began to fast( follow a strict diet).
b)On account of oerweight, he made it a rule not to eat too much( oereat).
c)He used great moderation in his diet on account of excessie weight.

十六、其它 Miscellaneous

（1）拔牙后，他流了10天的血。
He bled for 10 days following the extraction of a tooth.
※出血
-流鼻血 one＇s nose bleeds; expistaxis; nosebleed
-流很多血 bleed freely ( profusely; badly; heaily; massiely; generously) ; blood flows profusely
-子宫(阴道、牙龈)出血 uterine( aginal, gingial) bleeding
-大量的搏动性出血 copious pulsating bleeding
-一星期来舌头出血 hae bleeding from one＇s tongue for the past week
-过去无出血倾向的病历 no history of bleeding tendency in the past
-继续出血 bleed continuously
-停止出血了 the bleeding ceased( stopped)
-止血 staunch the flow of blood; stop ( arrest; suppress) the bleeding
Ex1:他不断地流血，同时全身状态也恶化了。
He continued to bleed, and his general condition deteriorated.
Ex2:齿龈很容易出血，以致不能再用牙刷刷牙了。
The gum bled so easily that brushing her teeth with a toothbrush was no longer possible.

（2）左下眼睑浮肿，他不能张开病侧眼睛。
The left lower( inferior) eyelid is edematous and he is unable to open his eye on this side.
※眼
-左上眼睑显着下垂 the left upper eyelid dropped perceptibly
-眉毛向内生，倒睫 hae got an introerted( ingrown) eyelash
-在上眼睑生了麦粒肿 hae got a sty on the upper eyelid
-眼痛 pain in the eyes
-在左眼内有异物 hae foreign body in the left eye
-过度流泪 excessie tearing (watering); profuse lacrimation
-眼脂增加 (粘脓性的，线状的，白色泡沫状的) increased discharge( mucopurulent, stringy, whitish foamy)
-眼睛疲劳 fatigued ision
-远(近)处看不清楚 indistinct( obscured) distant( near) ision
-视力减退 diminution of ision
-视力一性发生馍糊 transient blurring of ision occurred
-患了短期的视力馍糊 experienced a short period of blurred ision.
-左眼失明(渐进的，突发的，一时性的) loss of ision in the left eye (gradual, sudden, momentary)
-视界减小 decreased isual field in the slight
Ex1:四星期前，他的视力间或馍糊，最近2个星期来，视力比以前变得更坏。
Four weeks preiously he had intermittent hazy ision, but in the last 2 weeks the ision has become progressiely worse.
Ex2:他发觉左眼视力有毛病。
He noted that his ision was defectie on the left side.

（3）他有轻度耳鸣，并且听力稍减。
He had mild tinnitus, and slightly decreased auditory acuity.
※耳
-患耳鸣 hae a ringing ( singing; buzzing) in one＇s ears; one＇s ears ring; ringing in the ears
-偶发轻微的搏动性耳鸣 occasional mild pulsating tinnitus
-躺下时在右耳有嗡嗡声的感觉 a buzzing sensation in the right ear when lying down
-听力不佳 impaired( decreased) hearing
-听力开始衰退 one＇s hearing began to regress
-听觉困难 difficulty in hearing
-听力消失loss in hearing
-长期耳聋 long-standing deafness
-一个耳朵是聋的 be deaf of (in) one ear
-患有2年轻微流脓 hae slight otorrhea of 2 years＇ duration
-耳漏停止了 aural discharge ceased
-耳痛 otalgia; ear-ache
-中耳炎 otitis media; tympanitis
-耳朵很痛 hae a great deal of pain in the ear
-耳塞感 feeling of fullness in the ear
Ex1:这病人很聋；要在她床边大声叫才能听到，而且唇读法也困难。
The patient was ery deaf; she could only hear a loud shout at the bedside and utilize lipreading with difficulty.
Ex2:听力一直减退，而且耳鸣变成一种经常不断的，各种音调的感觉。
The hearing loss progressed and the tinnitus became a persistent sensation of arying pitch.

（4）1956年，在她14岁时，在右颌下部发现胡桃大的肿块。
In 1956 at the age of 14, she first noticed a lump of the size of a walnut in the right submaxillary region.
※肿块等
-在上星期肿块大了起来 mass was growing larger during last week
-肿块大小未变 the sizes remained stationary
-在颈部右侧发觉一个小肿块 noted a small growing on the right side of one＇s neck
-断续的发生紫绀 hae intermittent attacks of cyanosis
-没有遭受裂伤、擦伤 sustained no lacerations, abrasions
-两手裂着缝 one＇s hands are chapped
-不能用鼻孔呼吸 be unable to breathe through the nose
-鼻塞与鼻涕停止了 nasal obstruction and discharge ceased
-流涎厉害 hae intense salation
-颈部运动发生困难 deelop difficulty in moing one＇s neck
-不能开口 inability to open the mouth
-把口张开到最大限度并无困难 hae no difficulty in opening one＇s mouth to its full extent
Ex1:口内大乾，以致病人咀嚼和吞下食物，都有困难。
The mouth is so dry that it is difficulty for the patient to masticate and swallow food.
Ex2:他患了极广泛而严重的湿疹，遍及大部份躯干、面部和头皮，并且有显着的瘙痒症。
He suffered from a ery extensie and seere eczema inoling most of the body, face, and scalp, associate with marked pruritus.

简体中文汇总版2.0

病历例句2.doc (220.0k)

繁體中文匯總版2.0

病毨�句.doc (228.5k)

exercise 7

1.他容易睡，也容易醒过来。
2.他很想睡，但不能睡熟。
3.不能入睡时，他总是吃镇静药。
4.他非服安眠药，不能成眠。
5.两天来，他一直睡不着。
6.神经衰弱使他通宵未眠。
7.他老是抑郁。
8.他容易发脾气。
9.他因失恋，而神经错乱。
10.他记性不好。
11.气候转变时，他的关节会痛。
12.半年来，他的左腿无知觉。

exercise 7

1.他容易睡，也容易醒过来。
2.他很想睡，但不能睡熟。
3.不能入睡时，他总是吃镇静药。
4.他非服安眠药，不能成眠。
5.两天来，他一直睡不着。
6.神经衰弱使他通宵未眠。
7.他老是抑郁。
8.他容易发脾气。
9.他因失恋，而神经错乱。
10.他记性不好。
11.气候转变时，他的关节会痛。
12.半年来，他的左腿无知觉。

1.
a)He goes to sleep easily and has no difficulty in waking up.
b)He falls into sleep easily and is also easily awakened.
c)He falls asleep easily as much as he is awakened easily.

2.
a)Tough his eyes are heay, he cannot sleep well(soundly).
b)He feels sleepy but cannot get into a perfect sleep.
c)He is extremely drowsy but cannot go to deep(sound) sleep.

3.
a)When he has much trouble to get to sleep, he takes sedaties.
b)When he is unable to sleep he takes sedaties.
c)He takes sedaties when he cannot fall asleep.

4.
a)He cannot sleep without the aid of sleeping pill.
b)He has to take sleeping pill before going to bed.
c)He has to take sleeping pill in order to get a good sleep.

5.
a)He has suffered from insomnia(sleeplessness) for consecutie 2 nights.
b)He has been unable to sleep for 2 nights.
c)He has neer felt like going to sleep for two nights.

6.
a)He could not sleep at all on account of nerous breakdown.
b)He could not get a wink of sleep due to nerous breakdown.
c)Suffering from nerous breakdown, he scarcely slept at all.

7.
a)He is always depressed( in low spirits).
b)He always has the blues.
c)He appears to be low-spirited always.

8.
a)He is apt to lose his temper( become angry).
b)He gets angry easily.
c)He is easily offended( irritated; excited).

9.
a)He suffered from nerous breakdown because of his unsuccessful loe.
b)He was beside himself with agonies of broken heart.
c)A failure in loe caused him to be mentally deranged.

10.
a)He has a poor( bad; short) memory.
b)His memory is poor.
c)He is forgetful.

11.
a)He will suffer from joint pain( arthralgia) when there is a change of weather.
b)He feels a pain in the joint wheneer the weather changes.
c)His joint pain will appear at the change of weather.

12.
a)He feels numb in his left leg for a half-year.
b)His left leg has been paralyzed for a half-year.
c)For half a year there has been a lack of sensation in his left leg.

哇！ 辛苦啦 手很酸吧

最后的初步诊断pd是不是primary diagnosis的缩写?

iliac兄，不好意思~~~

我看不懂您的意思？

可以說明確一點嗎？ 感激不盡！

病毨�句-身體檢查：

第一節 主要檢查項目（一般）

（1）全身狀態 General Appearance:
1.體位 Stature (姿勢 posture, 步態 gait)
2.身體發育 Physical deelopment (體格physique, 肌肉musculature, 骨骼skeleton),
營養狀態 nutritional state
3.疾病的嚴重性和急性度 Seerity and acuteness of illness.
4.精神狀態 Mental state: 知覺的程度degree of consciousness (定向力orientation,
記性memory, 注意力attention, 智能intelligence),
情緒對疾病的反應狀態emotional state in reaction to illness.
（2）生理測定值 Physical Data: 體重weight, 身高height, 體溫temperature(口腔
溫度oral, 腋窩溫度axillary, 直腸溫度rectal, 陰道溫度aginal), 脈搏pulse (心尖
搏動apical, 撓骨搏動radial), 呼吸respiration, 血壓blood pressure(坐位血壓
sitting, 臥位血壓lying), etc.
（3）皮膚 Skin：
1.顏色 Color(蒼白pallor, 潮紅flush, 紫紺cyanosis, 黃疸jaundice, 色素沈著
pigmentation:著色的pigmented, 褪色的depigmented, 變色的discolored).
2.結構 Texture(有彈性的elastic, 濕潤的moist, 平滑的smooth, 粗糙的harsh
(rough),強韌的tough, 有皺的wrinkling, 萎縮的atrophic, 鱗狀的scaly, 光亮的
shiny, 光滑的glossy, 乾燥的dry, 濕冷的clammy).
3.浮腫 Edema, 彈力turgor, 脫水dehydration.
4.發疹 Eruptions, 蕁蔴疹hies(urticaria), 香港腳athlete's foot, 癢疹prurigo, 藥物疹
drug eruption, 水泡性濕疹esicular eczema, 其他病變other lesions(丘疹papules,
皰esicles, 膿皰pustules, 皰疹blebs, 潰瘍ulcers, 小結節 nodules, 疣warts, 胎痔
birth marks, 瘀點petechiae).
5.毛髮 Hair(腋毛axillary, 胎毛lanugo,頰髭whiskers, 鬍子moustache, 鬍鬚beard),
結構texture(粗的coarse, 細的fine, 脆性的brittle, 乾燥的dry, 無光澤的lusterles
s),稀少的sparse(scant), 毛髮過多excessie hairness(hypertrichosis),分佈
distribution.
（4）淋巴結 Lymph Nodes: 大小size, 部位location, 敏感度 sensibility, 可動性
mobility, 硬度consistency.
（5）頭部 Head: 頭顱和頭皮skull and scalp(外形configuration, 瘢痕scars, 頭髮
hair), 壓痛tenderness.
（6）面部 Faces: 表情expression, 對性性symmetry, 壓痛tenderness, 氣色color.
（7）眼 Eyes:
1.眼瞼 Eyelids: 浮腫edema, 眼脂discharge, 怕光photophobia, 眼瞼下垂ptosis,
前垂proptosis, 兔眼lagophthalmos, 眼瞼痙攣blepharospasm, 流淚lacrimation
(lacry-), 眼瞼裂口的寬度width of palpebral fissures.
2.鞏膜 Sclera: 黃疸jaundice, 出血hemorrhage
3.結膜 Conjunctiae: 蒼白pallor, 小血管露張injection, 瘀點petechiae, 充血
congestion, 顆粒(沙眼)granulations(trachoma).
4.角膜 Cornea: 外形(輪廓)outline, 透明度transparency, 弧度curature, 敏感度
sensibility, 瘢痕scars, 潰瘍ulceration, 老眼環arcus senilis.
5.瞳孔 Pupils: 大小size, 形狀shape, 規則性regularity, 等大性equality,
對光調節及聚合反射reactions to L. & A. and conergence, 距離調節
accommodation(to distance).
6.眼球 Eyeball: 眼球震顫nystagmus, 麻痺palsy, 斜視strabismus, 眼球陷沒
enophthalmos, 眼球突出exophthalmos.
7.視力 ision: 對比時之視野isual fields by confrontation, 複視diplopia, 視障礙
isual(gross) disturbance, 飛蚊視幻myodesopais.
8.檢眼鏡的 Ophthalmoscopic: 水晶體lens, 視神經盤optic disc, 反射reflex, 出血
hemorrhage, 滲出物exudate.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
以上：
全身狀態、生理測定值、皮膚、淋巴結、頭部、面部、眼

待續：
耳、鼻、口、咽喉、頸部、胸部與肺部、心臟、腹部、生殖器，背部、四肢
、神經精神系統檢查

抱歉~~~小弟近日比較忙且電腦也重灌了…
只好打“繁體字“，如有看不習慣的地方，還請多多包涵！

病毨�句-身體檢查：

第一節 主要檢查項目（一般）-Ⅱ

（8）耳 Ears:
1.外耳 external, 中耳 middle
2.內耳 internal: 耳鏡檢查 otoscopic examination, 外耳道和鼓膜的狀態 appearance of canals ans drums, 穿孔 perforation, 耳漏 otorrhea, 耳垢 cerumen( ear wax).
3.聽力 auditory acuity (錶 watch, 聲音oice, 音叉 tuning forks, 聽音計 audiometer.)

（9）鼻 Nose: 形狀shape, 鼻中膈 spetum (偏曲deiation, 穿孔perforation), 鼻甲
turbinates, 充血 congestion, 鼻漏 rhinorrhea, 鼻炎 rhinitis, 鼻塞obstruction.

（10）口 Mouth:
1.口唇 Lips: 對稱 symmetry, 顏色color, 濕潤度moisture, 紫紺 cyanosis, 疱疹 herpes.
2.粘膜 Mucosa: 顏色 color, 色素沈著 pigmentation, 潰瘍 ulceration.
3.齒齦 Gums: 齒齦膿漏pyorrhea, 出血 bleeding, 齒齦炎gingiitis, 齒齦腫脹swelling of gums.
4.舌 Tongue: 顏色 color, 乳頭萎縮 papillary atrophy, 潰瘍ulceration, 扁斜deiation, 運動 moement, 舌苔coating.
5.牙齒 Teeth:無齒的 edentulous, 牙齒數目 number present, 口腔衞生欠佳或良好 hygiene poor or good, 牙根 roots, 齒髓炎pulpitis, 假牙false teeth, 齲齒 caries, 失去的牙齒missing teeth, 修補牙齒 dental repair( 牙冠crowns, 裝橋術bridgework, 鑲嵌inlay, 充填filling)
6.口臭 Halitosis(fetor oris; foul or bad breath)

（11）咽喉Throat:
1.咽頭 Pharynx (口蓋反射 palatal reflex, 後鼻漏postnasal drip), 張口反射 gag reflex, 下嚥swallowing, 扁桃腺 tonsils (大小 size, 扁桃體小窩 crypts, 滲出液 exudate).
2.喉頭 Larynx( 聲音的特徵 character of oice, 喉頭鏡檢查laryngoscopic examination.)

（12）頸部Neck:
1.血管 Blood essels: 靜脈充血enous engorgement, 異常搏動abnormal pulsations, 瘢痕scars
2.甲狀腺 Thyroid: 肥大 enlarged, 雜音bruit, 震顫 thrills.
3.氣管 Trachea:位置 position, 在正中線上或偏移 midline or deiated, 氣管切開 tracheotomy.
4.強直 Rigidity: 斜頸 torticollis (wryncek).
5.頸部淋巴結 Cerical lymph nodes: 腫脹 swelling, 腫瘤tumor.

（13）胸部與肺部 Chest and Lungs:
1.視診Inspection: 外形 contour( 扁平的flat, 突出的bulging, 陷沒的depressed ( retracted). 佝僂病性的 ricketty), 對稱symmetry, 不對稱 a-(un-) symmetry, 膨脹度degree of expansion(速度rate, 深度depth, 呼吸的型式 type of respiration:胸式呼吸thoracic, 腹式呼吸abdominal ,胸腹式呼吸thoraco-abdominal), 乳房breasts( 乳汁分泌lactation, 乳頭nipples, 乳暈 areolae, 腫塊 masses, 瘢痕 scars.)
2.觸診 Palpation: 觸覺性震顫tactile fremitus.
3.叩診 Percussion: 康尼氏峽 Kroning's isthmus(比較對稱的部位 compare symmetrical areas), 反響resonance.
4.聽診 Auscultation: 呼吸聲的特徵和強度character and intensity of breath sounds (消失absent, 減少 diminished(depressed), 增大 exaggerated, 呼氣和吸氣的相對期間relatie duration of inspiration and expiration, 囉音(水泡音)ralses(乾性囉音dry:笛聲sibilant, 鼾音sonorous(musical);濕性囉音moist(bubbling), 磨擦音friction rub).
5.隔膜 Diaphragm: 檢查高度和移動性 determine leel and excursion.

（14）心臟 Heart:
1.視診 Inspection: 最大搏動點PMI,異常跳動或凹陷abnormal pulsation or retraction.
2.觸診 Palpation: 最大搏動點所在location of PMI, 震顫thrills, 脈搏數pulse rate, 律調rhythm, 容量 olume, 相同equality, 血管壁 essel wall, 濁音 dullness (絕對濁音absolute, 相對濁音 relatie).
3.叩診 Percussion: 心臟左右境界right and left borders of heart.
4.聽診 Auscultation: 心音heart sounds (強度 intensity: loud, accentuated, exaggerated, soft, faint, diminished=decreased, absent, disappeared; 第一僧帽瓣膜音 M1,第2 大動脈音A2, 第2肺動脈音P2, 心音律的特性 character of cardiac rhythm, 心雜音 murmur (時間time:收縮期雜音systolic, 收縮前(中期,後)雜音pre-(mid-, post-)systolic;舒張期雜音diastolic,舒張前(中期，後)雜音 pre-(mid-,post-)diastolic; 所在location, 音調pitch, 性狀character:吹風聲blowing, 大聲loud, 柔和聲soft,粗造聲harsh(rough),杵狀聲clubbing, 搔抓聲scratching, 倒水聲pouring, 沙沙聲rustling, 汽笛聲whistling,重疊聲lapping).

u802005 wrote:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
以上：
全身狀態、生理測定值、皮膚、淋巴結、頭部、面部、眼

待續：
耳、鼻、口、咽喉、頸部、胸部與肺部、心臟、腹部、生殖器，背部、四肢
、神經精神系統檢查

抱歉~~~小弟近日比較忙且電腦也重灌了…
只好打“繁體字“，如有看不習慣的地方，還請多多包涵！

多谢u802005兄的工作，辛苦了。
可否在完成后PM告知，以便请战友们做成电子书。

pacific兄，小弟收到了（完稿後pm告知）。

病毨�句-身體檢查：

第一節 主要檢查項目（一般）-Ⅲ

（15）腹部 Abdomen:
1.視診（Naked) Inspection: 外形 contour, 瘢痕 scars, 靜脈擴張 dilated eins, 明顯可見的蠕動 isible peristalsis, 腹壁條紋的特性 striae character of wall, 異常色素沈著 abnormal pigmentation.
2.觸診 Palpation: 膨脹 distention, 氣過水聲 gurgling, 腹鳴 borborygmus, 緊張度 tonicity, （不）隨意抵抗或強直 (in)-oluntary resistance or rigidity, 壓痛 tenderness（回縮壓痛 rebound tenderness, 椎肋軟骨部壓痛 tenderness in costoertebral areas, 馬克孛內氏點上的壓痛 tenderness oer McBurney's point）, 腫塊 masses（大小 size, 形狀 shape, 硬度 consistency, 固定或可移動的 fixed or moable), 部位 location (腹上部 epigastric, 腹下部 hypogastric, 季肋部 hypochondriac, 或腸骨部 or iliac region) ，肝臟、腎臟或其他可觸知器官的形狀和硬度 shape and consistency of lier, kidneys, or other palpable organs (有彈性的 elastic, 硬的 hard, 鈍圓的 dull, 尖銳的 sharp).
3.叩診 Percussion: 移動濁音 shifting dullness, 鼓腸 meteorism(tympany), (腹水)波動 fluid wae, 肝、脾或其他濁音 lier, splenic , or other dullness.

（16）生殖器 Genitalia:
1.男性 Male: 陰毛 pubic hair, 外陰部的發育 deelopment of external genitalia, 尿道分泌物 urethral discharge, 包莖 phimosis, 陰囊 scrotum, 包皮 prepuce, 睪丸 testes, 陰莖病變或其瘢痕 penile lesions or scars, 陰囊水腫 hydrocele, 睪丸萎縮或其腫堆 testicular atrophy or masses, 精索 spermatic cords, 第2性徵是否存在 note absence or presence of secondary sex characteristics.

2.女性 Female: 骨盤檢查 pelic examination: 外陰部的視診 inspection of external genitalia, 陰道 agina (處女膜是否完整 hymen intact or not, 陰道口 introitus, 分泌物 discharge , 直腸脫出 rectocele, 膀胱膨出 cystocele), 會陰部的視診 inspection of perineum , 子宮頸 cerix (顏色 color, 位置 position, 裂傷 lacerations, 糜爛 erosions, 外翻 eersion), 子宮及附屬器的雙手檢查 bimanual examination of uterus and adnexa.

（17）背部 Back: 彎曲 curatures, 對稱性 symmetry, 可動性 mobility, 脊柱、骨盤和腎臟的壓痛 tenderness oer spine, pelis , and kidneys.

（18）四肢 Extremities: 消瘦 wasting, 肌肉緊張力 muscle tone, 腫塊 masses, 創傷 wounds.
1.上肢 Upper: 手 hands, 手掌的顏色和濕潤度 color and moisture of palms, 杵狀指 clubbed fingers, 指甲發紺 cyanosis of nails, 關節腫脹或畸形 joint swelling or deformity, 肩 shoulder, 肘 elbow, 上臂 upper arm, 前臂 forearm.
2.下肢 Lower: 關節的可動性和畸形 mobility or deformity of joints, 腳的顏色和熱度 color and temperature of feet, 浮腫 edema, 靜脈曲張 aricose eins, 足腳的長度 leg length, 大腿 thigh, 腿圍 thigh circumference (上部1/3 upper 1/3, 中部1/3 mid 1/3, 下部1/3 lower 1/3) , 膝 knee, 小腿 calf, 足 foot( 腳踝 ankle, 足背instep, 腳底 sole, 腳跟 heel).

（19）神經精神系統檢查 Neuropsychiatric Examination:
1.腦神經 Cranial neres.
2.運動機能 Motor functions: 衰弱 weakness, 麻痺 palsy (偏癱 hemi-, 截癱 para-, 單癱 mono-plegia), 痙攣狀態 spasticity, 弛緩狀態 flaccidity, 共濟失調 incoordination, 步態和體位 gait, and station.
3. 深腱反射 Deep tendon reflex: 二頭肌反射biceps, 三頭肌反射 triceps, 膝蓋反射 patellar, 跟腱反射 Achilles, 巴彬斯奇氏病徵 Babinski, 克匿格氏反應 Kerning, 觀察反應程度 note degree of actiity (輕度~重度 + to ++++)，比較左右兩側的反應 compare right and left .
4.知覺機能 Sensory functions: 震顫ibration, 痛覺 pain, 溫覺 heat, 冷覺與位置感覺 cold and position, 五官 the fie senses( 聽覺 sense of hearing, 視覺 sight, 味覺 taste,觸覺 touch, 嗅覺 smell).

病毨�句-身體檢查：

第二節 表示身體部位的介詞-Ⅰ　at, in

1.“at'' 通常用於較狹的場所，即局限部位或點。
－在心尖處 at the apex of the heart
－在左下胸處　at the left lower chest area
－在下頜右角處　at the right angle of the mandible
－在色素沈著處的一個腫瘤塊　a tumor mass at the site of pigmentation
ex1:脾尖可以在左肋緣處觸知。
The spleen tip was palpable at the left costal margin.
ex2:在前右（肺）底處，也可以聽到一些微弱囉音。
A few fine rales were also heard at the right base posteriorly.

2.“in“用於較大場所（部位），如表示「在～裡面」時，可用於小地方。
－在右中腹，有一個腫塊　hae a mass in the right mid-abdomen
－左手無力且有麻感　weakness and numbness in the left hand
－胃痛　pain in the stomach
－各關節處酸痛　hae aching in arious joints
ex1:在上陰部皮膚上起了一個柔軟、波動的胞囊狀腫瘤物。
There is one soft, fluctuant cystic mass arising from the skin in the suprapubic area.
ex2:在上頜有一個無痛性的腫脹。
There is a painless swelling in the roof of the mouth.
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表示部位的介詞共有－（待續）
Ⅰat, in
Ⅱon, oer, aboe
Ⅲbeneath, under, below
Ⅳalong, around

－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－
抱歉小弟打繁體會方便些，若看的不舒服還請見諒！

请问这是什么书？哪里有卖的呢？

支持一下，多更新！！

Thanks a lot!!!

病毨�句-身體檢查：

第二節 表示身體部位的介詞-Ⅱ　on, oer, aboe
1.”on”用於表示與表面接觸的部位:
-舌尖上的一個壞死性潰瘍 a necrotic ulcer on the tip of the tongue
-在左側頭部上的糢糊痛 ague headache on the left side
-在右下齒齦上 on the right lower gingia
-在左股上的一個帶有疼痛的潰瘍 a painful ulcer on the left thigh
Ex1:由口腔檢查知，在上下唇和舌表面下有瘀血。
Examination of the oral caity reealed petechiae on both upper and lowe lips and on the undersurface of the tongue.
Ex2:在皮膚表面，可以看到外皮痂形成的病變。
Crusted lesions were seen on all skin surface.

2.“oer“用於表示在其上的部位:
-上背部皮膚的癢感 itching on the skin oer the upper back
-右腕上的一個結節 a nodule oer the right wrist
Ex1:在右股上前部有一度燒痕。
There was a first-degree burn oer the upper anterior portion of the right thihg.
Ex2:由肺部檢查知，呼吸聲在左上胸前、後部變弱。
Examination of the lung fields reealed the breath sounds to be diminished oer the left upper chest anteriorly and posteriorly.

3.’’aboe’’表示部位在高低，在上面(higher than)
Ex1:住院時，在左肋緣上方有中等度黃疸和一個小疤痕。
On admission there was a moderate degree of jaundice and a small scar aboe the left costal margin.
Ex2:在乳頭上部，可以觸知豌豆大的結節。
A pea-sized nodule is felt aboe the nipple.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
抱歉~~~休息了好一陣了。

辛苦啊！

通过阅读这个资料，再加上多份英文病历（个人推荐med_light站友发的各科病历），会对诊断用医学英语形成一种初步的感觉。

另外，请楼主推荐一本诊断学的英文教科书好吗？ （目前我所找到的只有上二医的）

再次感谢楼主

第二節 表示身體部位的介詞-Ⅲ　beneath, under, below
與上述介詞(on, oer, aboe)相反:
1.”beneath” 表示底下的接觸:
Ex1:右側頰部粘膜下，有帶痛的腫脹。
There is a tender swelling beneath the right buccal mucosa.
Ex2:她在1959年1月，第一次在兩側乳房下皮膚，發覺有過度的色素沈著。
She first noticed hyperpigmentation of the skin beneath both breasts in Jan. 1959.

2.”under”表示在其下的部位:
Ex1:他因口底下左下頜處疼痛和腫脹有72小時而受檢。
He was examined with a 72-hour complaint of pain and swelling under the left jaw in the floor of the mouth.
Ex2:在皮膚下可觸知腫瘤。
Tumors are palpated under the skin.

3.”below” (=lower than)
Ex1:子宮可以在臍下2指寬處觸知。
The uterus was palpable 2 finger-breadths below the umbilicus.
Ex2:病人在右下頜的大臼齒，有一放射透過性的病變。
The patient has a radiolucent lesion below the molar teeth in the right mandible.

Sabrina_lee兄~~~
我不太懂您的意思，
您指的是醫學病殞懽髂兀� 還是醫學診斷學？

nerner兄~~~
嗯，書在台灣有賣 (書名:“病毦淅�“小弟是台灣人，我不清楚彼岸有沒有賣。)
------------------------------------------------------------------
抱歉，不知道這樣算不算回答你們的提問。

Hi U802005:
Thank you for your response.
我是說能否推薦一本《物理診斷學》或《診斷學》的英文textbook，最好是電子版的能下載的。
因爲我們Mainland大多數醫學院學生學的《診斷學》是中文的，有些説法不知用英文如何確切地表達。我們的英語學到了一定程度，有一個非常需要注意的地方就是盡量避免使用chinglish。 所以需要多參考英文教科書。

呵呵，多謝交流！共同進步

Sabrina_lee兄:

如果是physical examination的話，
我們這邊大都是唸芭芭拉貝氏理學檢查，大都數的同學都是買中文版的。
因為中文版翻的相當不錯，我也看中文版的。

若是differential diagnosis的話，
我們大都是唸問題導向診斷(POMD)，我是看英文版的不過不好讀就是了（有點雜）。

抱歉，關於這方面的電子書我也不多，也沒什麼經驗。
可能幫不上忙囉！

個人感覺是多聽、多說、多寫會比多看來的更實際，我自己常平時就有在看關於病殞懽鞯臅�。但在接觸病人時，常常發現現實生活中許多英文是病殞懽鲿�本上不易查到的，甚至查不到的。

所以我覺得還是多練習，平常則要打好英語的基礎會比較好。

我現在平常有空時，會聽聽李陽瘋狂英語跟著練習聽、說英語。
寫寫病殞懽鞯姆�譯，背一些經典的英文作文。　
偶爾看ER的DD（最近才開始看的），看英文字幕可以學intern, resident的思考模式（鑑別診斷）有何不同，也可以學習到正確、流利的醫學英語的用法。

第二節 表示身體部位的介詞-Ⅳ along, around
1. “ along”表示沿一長線的部位:
Ex1:收縮期雜音(第5度)，沿著左胸骨緣散播出去。
A systolic (grade ) murmur radiated along the left sternal border.
Ex2:沿著胸骨緣可聽到雜音。
A murmur was heard along the sternal border.

2. “around”表示周圍靜止的部位:
Ex1:這病人自覺她左眼周圍肌肉的痙攣，和左臉逐漸無力，已3年了。
For 3 years this patient was aware of a twitching of the muscles around her left eye and a progressie left facial weakness.
Ex2:疼痛集中在左眼周圍，以及前額處。
The pain was centered around the left eye and forehead.

第四節 全身狀態 General Appearance

1.在體檢時，這個中等身材的病人，顯出一副慢性病相，很瘦弱。
Upon P.E. the patient of medium build appeared chronically ill, ery thin and frail.

客觀症候
-呈有急性病狀、無定向力、顯著脫水的婦人 an acutely ill, disoriented, markedly dehydrated woman
-一個發育良好、肌骨體質的男孩，未顯出急性或慢或病狀 a well-deeloped, muscular mesomorphic boy who appears neither acutely or chronically ill
-營養不良、臉色病黃、病狀很嚴重的男人 a poorly nourished, sallow-complexioned man who was seriously ill
-外表虛弱的婦人，顯然情緒有點窘迫 frail-appearing woman with a moderately apparent emotional distress
-水分適當、惡病質而呈急性病因的男子 a well-hydrated cachectic male in acute distress
-消瘦、無力、體重顯著減少的男人 an emaciated, asthenic male with eidence of marked weight loss
-肌瘦、蒼白的嬰孩，只鼻鳴，未放聲哭泣 a wasted, pale infant, whining but making no definite cry
-肥胖男人，不活潑但臉色好 an obese, sluggish-appearing man with a florid complexion (countenance)
-體格不及格 be rejected for physical defects
Ex1:由身體看來，他是一個面色蒼白、虛弱、營養非常不良的男嬰。
Physically, he was a pale, delicate, fairly under-nourished baby.
Ex2:於1960年9月第一次住院時，這小女孩顯得又黃又白，腹部凸出，而四肢消瘦，成一對比。
At the time of the first admission in Sept. 1960, she was a small sallow girl whose protuberant abdomen contrasted with her thin limbs.

發育狀態
-營養佳 well-nourished
-營養中等 moderately nourished
-肥胖、膚色黃而多毛的婦人 an obese, yellowish skinned, hirsute woman
-個子高、瘦長衰弱的人 a tall, slender, asthenic person
-個子矮小、結實的男人 a small, compactly built male
-一個體重和身體屬中等的男人 a middle-sized man of medium weight and height
-身材比正常人小些 be of somewhat smaller than normal stature
-具有男(女)性型體格 be of masculine(feminine) body build
-看起來比~所說的年齡大 appear older than one's stated age
Ex1:體檢顯示這女病人發育均勻正常。
On P.E. the patient appeared to be a normally proportioned female.
Ex2:由體檢知，這病人的體型小，且屬纖維性體質:顯然蒼白，但無紫紺色。
On examination the patient was small and of ectomorphic habitus: pallor was eident, but there was no cyanosis.

第四節 全身狀態 General Appearance

2.在體檢上，除了腹部膨脹外，病人全身尚合一般45歲男人的標準。
P.E. was generally consistent with that of any 45-year-old man except for his distended abdomen.

其他無異狀
EX1:全身狀態似乎良好(尚可、正常、不良)
Genearl condition (status) appears good (fair, normal, poor)
Ex2:這男病人面色蒼白，營養、發育均佳，身體上無明顯的異常現象。
The patient presented as a pale, well-nourished, well-deeloped male with no pertinent abnromal physical findings.

第五節 生理測定值
1.體檢結果如下:體重51公斤，身高162公分，胸圍95公分。
P.E. reealed the following: weight 51kg, height 162 cm, chest circumference at the nipple lin 95cm

體重、身高、胸圍
-量體重　weigh oneself
-體重淨重（不穿衣服）180磅　weight (scale) 180 pounds without one's clothes
-量身高 measure(take) one's height
-身高1公尺56公分 be (measure; stand) one meter fitty-six high (tall; in height)
-6英尺差3英寸 want 3 inches of 6 feet
-胸圍36英寸 chest measurements are 36 inches

2.口腔體溫是攝氏38.5度。
The temperature was 38.5°C when taken orally.

體溫
-口腔溫度有攝氏38度 take a temperature of 38°C per os ( by mouth; orally)
-37.6°C=thirty seen point (decimal) six degrees centigrade
Ex1:住院時的病人體溫是38.2°C
The patient's temperature at the time of his admission to the hospital was 38.2°C.
Ex2:他量得體溫36.4°C,脈搏一分鐘80次
He measured (took; checked) a temperature of 36.4°C and counted a pulse of 80 beats.

第五節 生理測定值

3.脈搏跳動不規則，細小、稍快並且微弱。
The pulse is irregular, small, somewhat accelerated and weak.
脈搏
-頻脈 tachycardia; rapid pulse
-徐脈 bradycardia; slow pulse
-節律(rhythm)規則(不規則) regular (irregular) pulse
-容量(olume)充實，稀有 full(good), feeble
-強度(tension)好，弱 good or weak
-脈搏迅速加快 pulse rates rise rapidly
-脈搏微弱、快、有如絲狀 hae a weak, rapid, thready pulse
-脈搏增加到(升至，降至)每分112次 p.r. increased (ascended, descended) to 112/min
Ex1:脈搏微弱如絲，不能再數。
The pulse is thread-like and cannot be counted any more.
Ex2:右撓骨動脈跳動與左邊的搏動鎮一致，但似乎有點遲緩。
The right radial pulse is not synchronous with the left, but it appears somewhat delayed.

4.呼吸快，浮淺，並且發出咕嚕聲，一分鐘有40次。
The respirations are rapid, shallow and grunting, counting 40 a minute.
呼吸
-正常呼吸 normal breathing
-呼吸促迫 tachypenal; rapid breathing
-無呼吸 apnea
-過度呼吸 hyperpnea; hyperentilation
-鼾聲(鼻翼)呼吸 stertorous(nasal alar) breathing
Ex1:他的呼吸一分鐘有35次，是辜司模氏型呼吸。
His respirations were 35 per minute and of Kussmaul in type.
Ex2:呼吸顯得表淺，並且時常中斷。
The respiration appears superficial, and is interrupted now and then.

5.由體檢知，側臥位血壓為120/82,站立時:90/65
P.E. disclosed a B.P. of 120/82 when declining and 90/65 when standing.
血壓
-量血壓 check (take; measure) one's B.P.
-血壓190/75(收縮壓190,舒張壓75) B.P. 190/75 (190 oer 75) (190 systolic and 75 diastolic)
-血壓增超過200 B.P. was once>200 mmHg; B.P. was once oer 200millimeters of mercury
-血壓上升 B.P. rises (is eleated)
-發覺血壓升得非常(稍微)高 found seerely (slightly) eleated B.P.
-仍然有點高 be still a little high
-血壓有點下降 hae some drop in B.P.
-變為較低 become lower
-血壓穩定不變(正常) B.P. remained stable(normal)
-血壓穩定，在190/75 B.P. stabilized at 190/75
-血壓不穩定，不能測知 B.P. is labile; unobtainable (unrecordable)
-難測知的血壓有60/40 barely detectable B.P. of 60/40 mm of Hg.
-血壓恢復正常(135/80) B.P. returns to normal (135/80)
Ex1:起初他沒有脈搏，血壓無法量出。
He was initially pulseless with no obtainable blood pressure.
Ex2:血壓由140/80降到90/60厘米水銀柱。
The blood pressure dropped(fell) from a prior leel of 140/80mmHg to 90/60

姿勢 position
-仰臥 dorsal ( back; supine)
-伏臥 prone
-胸膝(臥式) knee-chest
-膝肘(臥式) knee-elbow
-分娩(臥式) obstetric
-半伏臥 semiprone
-坐 sitting
-直立 upright (erect)
-側臥 lateral
-背臥 dorsal recumbent
-左側臥 left lateral recumbent

强！！！谢谢

第六節 皮膚

1.臉部和胸部的皮膚似蠟、發亮、緊張、腋毛稍微增多。
The skin of the face and chest was waxy, shiny, and taut, and the axillary hair was slightly increased in amount.

皮膚顏色、結構
Ex1:皮膚熱而乾燥、無彈性，用手按捺時有柔軟的感覺。
The skin was hot, dry and inelastic, and had a doughy feel.
Ex2:皮膚極萎縮，肌肉鬆弛，脂肪層幾乎不存在。
The skin is extremely withered, the musculature is flabby and the adipose tissue is hardly present.

2. 皮疹遍及頸部、胸部、背部及上腋，但臉部沒有。
The exanthema spreads oer the neck, the breasts, the back and the upper extremities, but the face is free.
發疹
-雀斑 fleck
-痱子 prickly heat
-白癬 faus
-癢酥酥的 ticklish-itching
-搔癢 scratch an itchy place
Ex1:皮疹完全消失，此外無任何症狀。
The eruption completely disappeared, and no trace of other symptoms was obsered.
Ex2:丘疹持續數小時，然後消失，留下藍色斑點。
The papules last seeral hours, then fade and are replaced by bluish pigmented spots.

exercise 8
1. 吃過飯後，馬上痛起來。
2.他的胸痛持續了24小時。
3.疼痛的發生和用力無關。
4.她的痛局限於腹下部。
5.他的眼球痛，這疼痛放散到前額與太陽穴。
6.牙痛非常厲害，除了流動食外，他不能吃任何東西。
7.他的左胸部發生創痛，它每因咳嗽與深呼吸而加劇。

辛苦了，谢谢！

辛苦了

这对于我来说非常有用
希望以后可以多多交流

我的EMAIL zhaohui997@hotmail.com

谢谢，辛苦了

thank you

thank you!

真感动，多谢！

謝謝大家的支持～～

真的很抱歉，最近又偷懶了…

我的e-mail: u802005@yahoo.com.tw

大家多多交流吧，誠徵個英文筆友，

我想加強我的英語表達能力囉，感恩！！！

三、家族�

五、既往歅ast History

缺第四呀!!!!!!!1

不好意识,找见了!
真不错!!!!!!!

Exercise 8
1.
1)The pain is present immediately (soon; right) after meal.
2)The pain follows the meal immediately.
3)The pain occurs postprandially.
4)The pain appears as soon as the meal is oer(finished).

2.
1)His chest pain continued for a day.
2)He had a one-day history of chest pain.
3)He experienced a pain in his chenst which lasted 24 hours.

3.
1)The pain is unrelated (not related ) to exertion.
2)The pain has no relation with exertion.
3)Thye pain occurs regardless of exertion.

4.
1)Her pain is limited to the lower abdominal region.
2)Her pain is located (situated) in the lower abdomen.
3)She has localized pain in the hypogastrium.

5.
1)He feels a pain in the eyeball., radiating to the forehead and temple.
2)He has a pain in his eyeball which radiates to the forehead and temple.

6.
1)The toothache is so seere that he cannot eat anything but liquid food.
2)The toothache is so seere that only liquid food can be tolerated.
3)Apart from liquid food, he can take nothing because of the seere toothache.

7.
1)He deeloped a shrap pain in the left breast-flank, which was aggraated(exacerbated; intensified) by coughing and deep breathing.
2)He experienced a sharp left-sided chest pain, which had a tendency to become worse on coughing and deep breathing.

谢谢！还有吗？

非常感谢楼主的无私奉献和辛勤工作，向楼主学习！！

谢谢楼主！
非常有用

虽说是从书上弄的，但省了我们太多时间。ddddd

谢谢，很好。强烈建议加分

第六節 皮膚 (2)

毛髮
面部生許多毛 deelop faical hirsutism
掉髮 lose one's hair; one's hair falls off (自然); (故意)拔掉毛髮 depilate
不長腋毛 do not grow axillary hair
眉毛和頭髮稀少且細 the eyebrows and scalp are sparse and fine
頭皮無毛 the scalp was bare of hair; loss of scalp hair
金髮或黑髮的(女孩) blonde or brunette (girl)
Ex1:毛髮的性狀和分佈情形正常
The quality and distribution of the hair are normal.
Ex2:雖然毛囊存在，但無腋毛與陰毛
There was absence of axillary and pubic hair although hair follicles were present.

3.腫瘤約有大蘋果那麼大，表面皮膚正常。
The tumor is roughly the size of a large apple and is coered with normally constituted skin.
腫瘤、腫物的大小
針頭大 pinhead size
罌粟大 size of a poppy seed
粟粒大 miliary size
米粒大 size of a rice grain
豌豆大 size of a pea
蠶豆大 size of a bean
胡桃大 size of a walnut
鴿卵大 size of a pigeon's egg
雞蛋大 size of a hen's egg
小(姆)指頭大 size of a small finger(thumb)
拳頭(手掌)大 size of a fist(palm)
小兒頭(大人頭)大 size of an infant's (a man's) head
形狀大，小，增大，減少 large small, increased, reduced (diminished) in size
腫脹忽變大忽變小 swelling waxed and waned
一壓即消失 disappear on pressure
腫瘤無顯著的增大 no obious increase in the tumor's size
Ex1:起初腫塊是一個很小的結節，後來逐漸增大。
The mass started as a ery small nodule and gradually increased in size.
Ex2:在左陰囊有大人拳頭大的腫瘤，由此連至鼠蹊管。
In the left half of the scrotum there is a tumor, as large as a man's fist, which is traced up to the inguinal canal.

一、主要調查項目：(reise on 3/8/06)

2.現症歱resent illness：
→針對主缘拿枋�
-onset(date, mode):何時發生的？ 是急/慢性的？ 突然的？ insidious？
-duration before present entry :發病日期到這次住院的天數？之前有無做過什麼治療？
-prodromal symptoms:發病前有什麼其它症狀？
-course or progress( location, duration, seerity, continuity, intermission, radiation,
treatment), aggraating and alleiating factors,:關於主缘南嚓P描述？
→LQQOPERA
L:location 位置
Q:quality 性質 ex: dull/colic pain
Q:quantity 疾病的程度 ex:對生活的影響/一天發生幾次？一次大概持續多久的時間(duration)？
O:onset 發生的 timing and mode ？
P:prodromal or precipitation factors 前驅/誘導因子; 在狀況發生之前，病人在做什麼事情？ ex:吃完大餐之後開始胸痛
E:exaggerating factors 加重因子 ex:身體前傾時腹痛加劇
R:relieing factors / radiaction 緩解的症狀的方式？/疼痛是否有遠端轉移的現象？
A: accompanying　symptoms 其它伴隨的症狀？ex:伴隨有噁心、吐嘔的現象
→General symptoms
-loss of weight, appetite and
strength, sleep, bowel moement, frequency of urination, menstruation, etc.
→Others
-exciting cause and enironmental influences ex: 最近家裡有沒有人感冒; trael history, animal contact history ?
-其它針對主韵嚓P的問題

感謝大家的支持~~~

時間過的真快，小弟實習也快結束了，
不過，病氝�是寫的不是很好，所以小弟修改了一下之前文章的部份內容，藉以溫故知新並提供大家作參考；病毜臅鴮憣嶋H應用是著重在臨床思路與鑑別診斷的工夫，所以小弟添加了自己的拙見，還請大家不吝指正與補充。

感激不盡！

楼主辛苦了
非常感谢，并大力支持您。
祝您生活，工作愉快。

楼主辛苦了
非常感谢，并大力支持您。
祝您生活，工作愉快。

不错！

第六節 皮膚 (3)

4.在右上腹部有一個硬而平滑、無壓痛、可移動的腫塊，直徑約有4x5公分。
There was a firm, smooth, nontender, freely moable mass in the R.U.Q. measuring approximately 4 by 5 cm in diameter.

腫塊的硬度
軟的 soft
硬韌的 firm
硬的 hard
石頭似的 of stone-like
浮腫的 edematous
骨樣硬的 bony hard
軟骨樣的 cartilaginous
波動性的 fluctuating
緊張的 tense
有彈性的 elastic
泥土樣的 clay-like
壓縮性的 compressible

腫塊的形狀
扁平的 flat
平坦的 eenly flat
限局性 circumscribed
瀰漫性的 diffuse
不規則的 irregular
鬆弛的 flabby
凹凸不平的 uneen
溝狀的 furrowed
圓形 roundish; circular
半球狀的 hemispherical
球狀 globular
角狀 horn-shaped
卵圓形 oal
橢圓形 elliptical
紡綞狀的 spindle-shaped
菱形 rhombic
結節狀的 knotty; tuberous
有莖狀 pedunculated
水螅狀 polypus-shaped
蜂窩狀的 honeycomb
花椰菜狀 cauliflower-like

ex1:由體檢結果知，在左上腹部有一個8x3公分大的橢圓形腫物。
P.E. of the abdomen demonstrated an elliptical swelling of 8x3 cm in size (presenting) in the L.U.Q.
ex2:腫脹摸起來有牽張及彈性感，按捺時有壓痛。到處呈現波動狀。
The swelling was felt distended, elastic and tender on pressure. Fluctuation was also palpable all oer the swelling.

淋巴結
ex1:頸部發腫得很厲害，但沒有甲狀腺或淋巴結腫大的跡象。
Neck fullness was quite pronounced without palpable eidence of thyroid or lymph node enlarement.

第七節　HEENMT & Neck (1)
1.他的頭形正常。
The shape (contour; outline) of his head is normal.

2.哭聲很大，無紫紺出現。
The cry was lusty, and there was no cyanosis present.

紫紺、氣色
有點(顯著的，中度的，輕度的，斑點的，全身性的) 紫紺 hae slight (marked, moderate, faint, mottled, generalized) cyanosis
口唇和指甲發生一些(深度) 紫紺 hae some (deep) cyanosis of the lips and nail beds
發生一時性紫紺 deelop a transient period of cyanosis
口圍紫紺消失了 cricumoral (perioral) cyanosis diappeared
臉色好 the cheeks are ruddy (flushed; rosy; healty; florid)

哭聲
哭聲微弱 (大聲哭，用力哭，哭聲弱，低聲鼻鳴，無聲的哭) hae a weak (loud, strong, faint, low whining, aphonic) cry
ex1:他的臉顏色蒼白，有點浮腫。
He has a pale, somewhat bloated face.
ex2:臉色發青，滿面冷汗。
The face is cyanotic and coered with cold sweats.

3.以年齡而言，他的左眼視力和屈折度完全正常。
The left eye was entirely normal, with normal ision and refraction for his age.

眼科檢查
常閃目 frequent blinking
斜視的 cross- (squint-) eyed
眼球外 (內，上，下) 斜轉 eye turns out (in, up, down)
眼瞼 (眼睛周圍，眼球) 紅腫 redness and swelling of the eyelids (area around the eye , eyeball)
把眼睛向外 (內)翻 eert (introert) the eyelids
無明顯的神經缺陷 no obious neruological defects
ex1:右眼在任何方面都正常。
The right eye is normal in all respects.
ex2:兩側散瞳，左側對無對光反射。
Both pupils were dilated and the left was fixed (to light).

二、病毰c時態 (補充)
Ex:
For seeral years he has been subject to bouts of transient giddiness and blurred ision on assuming an erect position from a prone or sitting position. These became markedly apparent during the past two months and he began to feel that he could not stand perfectly still for more than a few minutes without feeling in some way uncomfortable, but he could preent this by walking about. He feels a dull aching in his hands and wrists which he can circument oer his chest. There is no puffiness of his hands.

has been:
-現在完成進行式:可表示截至現在為止的動作或狀態的繼續
-表示一直到現在仍受昡暈的纏擾
became & began:
-過去式:可表示過去某時的事實、動作或狀態
-說明了這些症狀在最近兩個月中明顯了起來，同時開始有新的症狀
feels & is
-現在式:可表示現在的事實、動作或狀態
-表示現在手、腕有鈍覺性酸痛

多谢楼主啊
希望继续努力

非常感谢！

谢谢啊
真的是学无止境啊
向楼主学习啊

真的很感激
谢谢

强烈支持！写得太好了！很实用！

向楼主敬礼！收藏了。

很好，很实用！LZ是超级大好人！