【medical-news】研究表明大多数HIV患者在感染后快速传播-2010-07-16 11:55:18 PM
【medical-news】研究表明大多数HIV患者在感染后快速传播
Most HI Patients Spread Soon After Own Infections, Study Says
By John Lauerman
March 5 (Bloomberg) -- People are most likely to spread HI right after becoming infected, a finding that highlights the importance of early diagnosis and treatment, scientists said.
About half of HI/AIDS patients caught the disease from a patient who was probably still in the early stages of infection, according to a study of about 600 new cases from 2001 through 200. Canadian researchers released the data today in the Journal of Infectious Diseases.
About one-quarter of 1.1 million U.S. HI patients don't know they're infected, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Preention. The agency, based in Atlanta, has begun pushing for uniersal HI testing at emergency rooms, clinics and doctors' offices to spur U.S. diagnoses, which rose to 45,000 in 2005 from about 40,000 a year earlier.
``It is important to seek out recently infected persons and to propose counseling to reduce high-risk behaior during this critical period,'' said scientists led by Bluma Brenner, a researcher at McGill AIDS Centre in Montreal, in the study.
Quick treatment with drugs may help reduce the risk of spread, the Canadian scientists said. Such medicines are made by Gilead Sciences Inc., GlaxoSmithKline Plc, Abbott Laboratories and other companies.
Almost 40 million people worldwide are infected with HI, or human immunodeficiency irus, which causes AIDS. The irus multiplies quickly, starting immediately after infection, which researchers beliee makes spread more likely in that period, said John Bartlett, an AIDS specialist at Johns Hopkins Uniersity in Baltimore who didn't participate in the study.
Uganda
A 2005 study of patients in Uganda had shown similar results, suggesting that about 40 percent of people with the disease spread it to a spouse in the first few months after infection.
``It's an important obseration to confirm,'' Barlett said today in a telephone interiew. ``If half of transmission is in the early part of the disease, then we should find those people early in the disease. That's something that we don't too well or too often.''
The Canadian researchers used a genetic test to determine how long people had been infected when they spread the irus to others. HI often infects people in small numbers, and then begins replicating and mutating rapidly. The genetic tests indicated that not much mutation had taken place before the irus had spread, suggesting short-term infection.
While newly infected people often hae high leels of irus in their system, they often hae no symptoms of the disease. That makes it more important, and more difficult, to identify them, said Mark Wainberg, another McGill AIDS Centre researcher who worked on the study.
Antibodies
Conentional HI tests made by made by Bethlehem, Pennsylania-based Orasure Technologies Inc., Medford, New York- based Chembio Diagnostics Inc. and others find proteins, called antibodies, that the human immune system makes to protect against HI. Those antibodies often don't appear until seeral weeks after infection, and some clinics are using new techniques to find anyone who is in the early stages of the disease.
Bartlett said his AIDS clinic in Baltimore tests anyone without antibodies to HI for the irus itself, a process he's hoping will pay diidends by detecting more early cases.
``As a public health issue, this is ery important,'' he said.
To contact the reporter on this story: John Lauerman in Boston at jlauerman@bloomberg.net
Most HI Patients Spread Soon After Own Infections, Study Says
By John Lauerman
March 5 (Bloomberg) -- People are most likely to spread HI right after becoming infected, a finding that highlights the importance of early diagnosis and treatment, scientists said.
3月5日Bloomberg消息——科学家声称发现大多数HI患者在感染后病毒快速传播，这一发现提高了早期诊断和早期治疗的重要性。
About half of HI/AIDS patients caught the disease from a patient who was probably still in the early stages of infection, according to a study of about 600 new cases from 2001 through 200. Canadian researchers released the data today in the Journal of Infectious Diseases.
加拿大研究人员根据从2001年起对大约600名新发病例的研究，在《感染性疾病杂志》上发表了数据表明几乎一半的HI/AIDS患者是被可能还处于HI感染早期的患者所传染。
About one-quarter of 1.1 million U.S. HI patients don't know they're infected, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Preention. The agency, based in Atlanta, has begun pushing for uniersal HI testing at emergency rooms, clinics and doctors' offices to spur U.S. diagnoses, which rose to 45,000 in 2005 from about 40,000 a year earlier.
疾病预防与控制中心表示1，100，000美国HI患者中大约1/4的人不知道他们感染了HI，亚特兰大疾病预防与控制中心已经推动在急诊，门诊和医疗所开展HI普查工作，确诊为患有HI的人数从一年前的40，000升到2005年的45，000。
``It is important to seek out recently infected persons and to propose counseling to reduce high-risk behaior during this critical period,'' said scientists led by Bluma Brenner, a researcher at McGill AIDS Centre in Montreal, in the study.
领导蒙特利尔McGill爱滋研究中心的科学家Bluma Brenner说发现新近感染的人群，教育他们减少感染早期高危行为是很重要的。
Quick treatment with drugs may help reduce the risk of spread, the Canadian scientists said. Such medicines are made by Gilead Sciences Inc., GlaxoSmithKline Plc, Abbott Laboratories and other companies.
加拿大科学家说药物的快速治疗可能降低病毒传播，吉里德科学公司，葛兰素史克，美国雅培以及其它公司都有生产该类药物。
Almost 40 million people worldwide are infected with HI, or human immunodeficiency irus, which causes AIDS. The irus multiplies quickly, starting immediately after infection, which researchers beliee makes spread more likely in that period, said John Bartlett, an AIDS specialist at Johns Hopkins Uniersity in Baltimore who didn't participate in the study.
位于巴士的摩约翰.霍普金斯大学爱滋病专家John Bartlett没有参与这一研究，他说世界范围内感染HI也就是人类免疫缺陷病毒而导致爱滋病的患者约为40，000，000。HI病毒复制迅速，被感染后病毒马上在体内复制，研究人员认为HI病毒的扩散主要就在这一时期。
Uganda
乌干达
A 2005 study of patients in Uganda had shown similar results, suggesting that about 40 percent of people with the disease spread it to a spouse in the first few months after infection.
2005年在乌干达对病人的研究报告显示了类似的结果，约40％的患者是在感染HI的最初几个月内将病毒传染给了配偶。
``It's an important obseration to confirm,'' Barlett said today in a telephone interiew. ``If half of transmission is in the early part of the disease, then we should find those people early in the disease. That's something that we don't too well or too often.''
Barlett在3月5日的电话会议中指出这是一项值得确证的重要观察，如果一半的传播是在疾病的早期阶段，那么我们就应该找到那些正处于疾病早期的病人。这是一项我们并不常做也不是做得很好的工作。
The Canadian researchers used a genetic test to determine how long people had been infected when they spread the irus to others. HI often infects people in small numbers, and then begins replicating and mutating rapidly. The genetic tests indicated that not much mutation had taken place before the irus had spread, suggesting short-term infection.
加拿大的研究人员用一种遗传学检测的方法来确认把病毒传播给其他人时，HI患者本身被HI感染的时间。这项检测表明病毒是近期感染因为病毒传播给他人前并没有发生大量突变。
While newly infected people often hae high leels of irus in their system, they often hae no symptoms of the disease. That makes it more important, and more difficult, to identify them, said Mark Wainberg, another McGill AIDS Centre researcher who worked on the study.
McGill爱滋研究中心的研究人员Mark Wainberg参与了这一研究项目，他说新近感染的病人体内病毒载量通常很高，但却没有疾病的体外表现。这就使早期诊断变得更加重要，更加困难。
Antibodies
抗体
Conentional HI tests made by made by Bethlehem, Pennsylania-based Orasure Technologies Inc., Medford, New York- based Chembio Diagnostics Inc. and others find proteins, called antibodies, that the human immune system makes to protect against HI. Those antibodies often don't appear until seeral weeks after infection, and some clinics are using new techniques to find anyone who is in the early stages of the disease.
伯利恒，宾夕法尼亚的奥拉休尔科技公司，Medford, 纽约Chembio 诊断公司和其他公司的常规HI检测都是检测人体免疫系统产生的清除HI病毒的蛋白即抗体。这些抗体在感染几周后才产生，一些医疗机构正在使用新技术去诊断早期感染的病人。
Bartlett said his AIDS clinic in Baltimore tests anyone without antibodies to HI for the irus itself, a process he's hoping will pay diidends by detecting more early cases.
``As a public health issue, this is ery important,'' he said.
Bartlett说他在Baltimore 的AIDS诊所检测那些还没有出现HI抗体的人体内是否存在病毒，他希望能找到更早期的病例。他认为作为一个公众健康机构，这是非常重要的。
To contact the reporter on this story: John Lauerman in Boston at jlauerman@bloomberg.net
报告人的联系方式：John Lauerman in Boston at jlauerman@bloomberg.net
3月5日Bloomberg消息——科学家声称发现大多数HI患者在感染后病毒快速传播，这一发现提高了早期诊断和早期治疗的重要性。加拿大研究人员根据从2001年起对大约600名新发病例的研究，在《感染性疾病杂志》上发表了数据表明几乎一半的HI/AIDS患者是被可能还处于HI感染早期的患者所传染。疾病预防与控制中心表示1，100，000美国HI患者中大约1/4的人不知道他们感染了HI，亚特兰大疾病预防与控制中心已经推动在急诊，门诊和医疗所开展HI普查工作，确诊为患有HI的人数从一年前的40，000升到2005年的45，000。
领导蒙特利尔McGill爱滋研究中心的科学家Bluma Brenner说发现新近感染的人群，教育他们减少感染早期高危行为是很重要的。加拿大科学家说药物的快速治疗可能降低病毒传播，吉里德科学公司，葛兰素史克，美国雅培以及其它公司都有生产该类药物。位于巴士的摩约翰.霍普金斯大学爱滋病专家John Bartlett没有参与这一研究，他说世界范围内感染HI也就是人类免疫缺陷病毒而导致爱滋病的患者约为40，000，000。HI病毒复制迅速，被感染后病毒马上在体内复制，研究人员认为HI病毒的扩散主要就在这一时期。
乌干达
2005年在乌干达对病人的研究报告显示了类似的结果，约40％的患者是在感染HI的最初几个月内将病毒传染给了配偶。
Barlett在3月5日的电话会议中指出这是一项值得确证的重要观察，如果一半的传播是在疾病的早期阶段，那么我们就应该找到那些正处于疾病早期的病人。这是一项我们并不常做也不是做得很好的工作。
加拿大的研究人员用一种遗传学检测的方法来确认把病毒传播给其他人时，HI患者本身被HI感染的时间。这项检测表明病毒是近期感染因为病毒传播给他人前并没有发生大量突变。
McGill爱滋研究中心的研究人员Mark Wainberg参与了这一研究项目，他说新近感染的病人体内病毒载量通常很高，但却没有疾病的体外表现。这就使早期诊断变得更加重要，更加困难。
抗体
伯利恒，宾夕法尼亚的奥拉休尔科技公司，Medford, 纽约Chembio 诊断公司和其他公司的常规HI检测都是检测人体免疫系统产生的清除HI病毒的蛋白即抗体。这些抗体在感染几周后才产生，一些医疗机构正在使用新技术去诊断早期感染的病人。
Bartlett说他在Baltimore 的AIDS诊所检测那些还没有出现HI抗体的人体内是否存在病毒，他希望能找到更早期的病例。他认为作为一个公众健康机构，这是非常重要的。
报告人的联系方式：John Lauerman in Boston at jlauerman@bloomberg.net
发表者QINQIN 时间 2010-07-16 11:55:18 PM
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